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BIO ANTH 25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Primate? | A mammal defined by things like grasping hands and feet with nails, forward-facing eyes for depth perception, relatively large brains, and social behavior |
| How are Primates the same or different from other mammals | things like grasping hands and feet with nails, forward-facing eyes for depth perception, relatively large brains, and social behavior. Plus longer life spans and longer parental investment in offspring |
| What are the types of primates? | Strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorises) and Haplorhines (tarsier, monkeys, apes, humans). Prosimians, New World Monkeys, Old World, and Apes |
| Kin selections | How certain altruistic behaviors benefit relatives, increasing shared genes. |
| Organization of group/status | Some primates have solitary structures (orangutans), some have pair-living (Gibbons, Marmosets), others one male/multi-female (gorillas, langurs), some multi-male/multi-female (macaques, baboons), and multi-level systems (geladas, howler monkeys). |
| Hunting | Only baboons and chimpanzees are known to stalk their prey |
| What are fossils and How are they created | Preserved remains or traces and imprints of ancient life. |
| What can we learn from the past through fossils | Many things like anatomy, diet, behavior, evolution, how things went extinct, geography, etc. |
| Relative dating, absolute dating, molecular dating, cultural dating | Relative dating determines the order of events and how relatively far they are from each other. Absolute dating assigns a specific date. Molecular Dating dates based on things like genetic differences in DNA, or protein sequences |
| Law of superposition and stratigraphic correlation | In dating rock, the more undisturbed lower layers are older. The geological process of matching rock layers from different locations to determine their equivalent age or position. |
| Why did primates emerge | Arboreal-Grasping hands/feet, forward facing eyes, and flatter nails evolved for life in trees. Visual Predation-they evolved to hunt insects, not just tree dwelling. Angiosperm Radiation hypo-that they evolved due to the rapid diversification of plants |
| What were the first primates | Omomyids, and Adapids |
| What were the first higher primates | |
| What is a hominin | The human branch of the broader hominid branch. The defining feature is bipedalism. |
| Why did hominins evolve from an apelike primate? | Hunting Hypothesis-Hunting=tool use=large brain, small canine, free hands=bipedalism. Patchy Forest Hypothesis-African forest shrinks=Two legs more efficient. Provisioning Hypothesis-More food supports more infants, lower birth intervals |
| What were the first hominins and what happened to them | Australopithecines, They evolved into early humans |
| Who is Lucy? | Lucy is the earliest hominid we've found from 3.2 mya. a femal Australopithecus afarensis |
| What characteristics define the genus homo | Larger Brain, Smaller skull, smaller jaw, larger chin, tool use |
| Who was the first of genus homo | Homo Habilis |
| Who are the neanderthals and homo erectus | Homo erectus was the first species to migrate out of africa. H. Neandertals evolved in Euraisia. |
| How have neanderthals been interpreted and how has that changed through further study of burials and DNA | We used to think of them as unga bunga but not because of dna and findings in burials we think they may have engaged in more intelligent and ritualistic beahvior |
| What is so modern about modern humans | Culture, complex language, art, advanced tool use, social networks, dramatic changes to our environment. |
| Models for explaining human migrations | Unsure |
| The origins of agriculture and when where and why humans first domesticated plants and animals | The fertile crescent was the first place humans domesticated plants and animals after the ice age stringed out resources. |
| The archeological and skeletal evidence on the impact agriculture had on our living circumstances and our biology | The increase has in general decreased our overall well being. Diseases spread quicker. Nutrition has worsened. Dental health, bone density and skeletal health |
| What are the biological consequences of global climate change, population increase, and technology | Loss of biodiversity, more natural disasters. Pollution increase, diseases spread easier. For tech resource extraction, wildlife distruption etc. |
| are we still evolving and if so what will human biology look like in the future? | Yes we have evolved to live in a wider range of climates, eat more types of food. Most changes from now on will be internal. |
| Forward-Facing Eyes | Forward facing eyes provide stereoscopic vision for depth perception. |
| Grasping Hands and Feet | Opposable thumbs on hands and feet grant greater navigation for climbing in trees. |
| Brain Size | Allows for complex behaviors, problem solving, and social structure |
| Arboreal adaptations | Flexible Limbs and Shoulders |
| Reduced Reliance on Smell | Prioritizing vision and touch |
| Where do Homo Sapiens go from here? | Dental issues, Eyesight, Climate orientated adaptations. There's also the important but morbid idea that we may not even be here in 10,000 years because of our meddling in climate. |
Created by:
benhmeacham