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ANSC 107 Test 1
ANSC 107 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Ad Libitum mean? | Allowing animals to eat all they want at all times |
| What does compensatory growth mean? | Increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishment |
| What is a calorie? | The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5 degrees C to 15.5 degrees C |
| What is a kilocalorie? | Equivalent to 1000 calories |
| What is a concentrate? | A feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestable |
| What is T.D.N.? | Includes the total amounts of digestible protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat (x2.25) all added together. Approximates energy content. |
| What is a roughage? | Feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy. Ex; hay, silage, straw and pasture |
| What are feeder animals? | Animals which need further feeding prior to slaughter |
| What is fill? | The contents of the digestive tract |
| What is carcass merit? | The value of a carcass for consumption |
| What is dark cutter? | Color of the lean in the carcass. Has a dark appearance usually caused by stress to the animal prior to slaughter |
| What is a contemporary group? | Set of animals of the same age, sex and breed that have been raised under similar environmental and management conditions |
| What is a breed? | Animals having common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species |
| What are scurs? | Small horn like tissue attached to the skin of polled or de-horned animals |
| What is cull? | To eliminate from the breeding population |
| What are the methods of identification in animals? | Branding Ear tagging ear notching tattoo microchip retinal scanning |
| What records should be kept for beef? | Birth date Sire Dam WW Gain test weight YW Yearling scrotal measument |
| What is fertility? | The capacity to initiate, sustain and support reproduction |
| What impacts fertility? | Nutrition |
| What is open? | Refers to non-pregnant females |
| What is a BSE? | Breeding soundness exam- only in males |
| What is haploid? | Half the normal number of chromosomes. Found in sperm and ova |
| What is a clone? | An individual grown from a single somatic cell of its parents and genetically identical to it |
| What is estrus? | The period of mating activity in the female |
| What is estrous? | Estrous cycle is the heat cycle, or time from one heat period to the next |
| What is estrous synchronization? | Controlling the estrous cycle so that a high percentage of the females in the herd express estrus at the same time |
| What is anestrous period? | The time when female is not cycling. She is not experiencing estrus and thereby will not breed. |
| What species are predominately high in anestrous periods? | Sheep- maybe horses |
| What is anestrous periods controlled by? | Pineal gland= Melatonin |
| How many weeks prior to birth must females be vaccinated to pass colostrum to the baby? | 4-6 weeks |
| What species did we breed the hardiness out of? | Foals |
| Why does boar taint occur? | Waiting too long to castrate male swine |
| What species is the cleanest? | Swine |
| What is the lean scale in pigs? | Boar-> Gilt-> Barrow |
| What breed of goats brought underlying issues? | Boer |
| Over what degrees do testicles in farm animals become sterlie? | 98 degrees |
| What influences breeds? | Enviornment |
| What is a sire breed? | Fast growing, muscular, late maturing, low milking |
| What is a maternal breed? | early maturing sexually, inherently fertile. moderate to heavy milking, small to moderate size |
| What is crossbreeding? | display desirable traits from multiple breeds, fast growing, hardy, productive |
| What breed of cattle has done well at marketing? | Angus |
| What breed of cattle has a recessive gene making them polled? | Polled Hereford |
| What breed of cattle is known as the cow killer due to lack of understanding of birthweight? | Charolais |
| Which breed of cattle makes extremely lean, muscular carcasses but difficult to grade choice? | Limousin |
| What is the brahman ratio in Gerts? | 3/8 |
| What were the 6 essentials the beefmaster was developed on? | weight, conformation, fertility, hardiness, disposition, and milking abiliy |
| What does line breeding cause gnetically? | bag genes to be expressed |
| What bad gene does the hampshire present? | Dwarf Gene |
| What breed had the spider gene? | Suffolk |
| What 2 sheep breeds have anestrous periods? | Suffolk and Southdown |
| What 2 sheep breeds breed out of season? | Dorset and Dorper |
| What is callipyge? | Double muscling |
| What breed have hot house lambs? | Dorset |
| What is haemonchus contortus? | barberpole worm |
| Which horse breed is AI not allowed? | Throughbred |
| Which horse breed was originated from indian tribe? | appoloosa |
| What are the selection goals for cow-calf operations? | fertility ww cow efficiency adaptability quality product produced efficiently |
| What are the selection factors for stocker cattle? | Price Growth potential Health |
| What are the by products of feedlot cattle? | Dried distillers grain |
| What industry is efficient, high tech, and confined? | Dairy |
| What are the top 2 leading dairy states? | California Wisconsin |
| What has changed in the dairy insutry? | Genetics Feeds Health Management |
| What does DHIA stand for? | Dairy herd improvement association |
| What are calf health issues? | Calf scours and pneumonia |
| What are 3 big problems in cow health for dairies? | Rebreeding difficulties Mastitis Milk Fever |
| What stage are we rebreeding dairy cows? | Stage 2 between 100-200 days |
| What is the main priority in a free stall barn? | Comfort |
| What drives the sheep and goat industry? | ethnic market |
| What makes goats stink and can tell anestrous heat? | Capric Acid |
| When was the wool and mohair incentive program created? | 1950's |
| What was a popular way to manage brush and weeds? | environmental grazing |
| What is the main cost in production? | feed |
| What are major diseases in sheep and goat industry? | enterotoxemia clostridium perfringes C&D urianry calculi |
| What is the line of progression for the swine industry? | Seedstock, Commercial, and corporate |
| What are the key economic traits of the swine industry? | Reproduction Growth Rate Feed efficiency Carcass traits |
| What is adaptation? | Long term changes |
| What is acclimation? | Short term changes |
| What is critical temperature? | the temp below which the animal must make adjustments to maintain its body temp |
| What is effective temp? | total heating or cooling power of the enviornment |
| What is homeotherm? | maintain a relatively constant body temp regardless of external temp |
| What is the thermoneutral zone? | comfort zone of the animal |
| What intake changes with stress? | feed and water intake |
| What can be increased by feeding more fiber during cold stress? | heat increment |
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