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Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does aldosterone cause at the kidney | Retention of sodium |
| The basic functional unit in the kidney is the | nephron |
| The filtration of plasma that generates approximately 180 liters/day of filtrate occurs where? | Glomerulus |
| How will aldosterone release affect urinary output? | 180L |
| If release of ADH is impeded or stops, what happens to the urine? | you get more output |
| What is the effect of coconut water on renal calculi? | Kidney Stones will decrease |
| Approximately 60-70 percent of the water is reabsorbed where? | PCT |
| The proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule are separated by what? | nephron loop |
| What are the 3 primary waste products in urine? | Uric acid, urea, creatinine |
| What is the name of the outward pressure that forces water and solute molecules across the glomerulus wall into the filtrate? | Hydrostatic pressure |
| Which cells make up the filtration membrane? | podocytes |
| Which structures transport urine to the bladder? | ureter |
| What is gluconeogenesis? | Production of glucose from amino acids |
| What are the effects of EPO? | Erythropoietin- increase in production of RBC |
| Most of the renal tubule is lined by what type of tissue? | Cuboidal epithelial |
| Where is renin released? | JG Apparatus/ Juxtoglomeruler apparatus |
| With the myogenic response, what is the result of increased pressure in an arteriole? | arteriole will constrict |
| If GFR increases, what happens to urine production? | both increase |
| What is the value of the NFP if the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HP g) is 65mm Hg, OP g is 30 mm HG and HPc is 20 mmHg? | 15 |
| What happens when plasma glucose concentration goes above 300 mg/dL? | it spills out urine |
| Which solute creates higher levels of osmotic pressure? | sodium has biggest pull |
| What are the sites of sperm production? | seminiferous tubules |
| What cells help nourish developing spermatozoa? | sertoli cells, sustentacullar cells, nurse cells |
| Where in the sperm is the genetic material contained? | head |
| Erectile tissue is composed of what main type of body tissue? | Connective tissue |
| What is the most important androgen? | testerone |
| Fertilization occurs in what part of the female reproductive system? | ampulla |
| A released oocyte is guided into the oviduct by what structures? | fimbriae |
| What is another name for the womb? | uterus |
| Where are sperm stored for long periods of time? | epididymis |
| What is the most important estrogen? | estradiol |
| What is happening to LH and FSH during ovulation? | peak |
| The fusion of a secondary oocyte and a spermatozoa results in the production of what? | zygote |
| What part of the spermatozoa contains hydrolytic enzymes? | acrosome or acrosome cap |
| This structure invades the underlying endometrium? | syncytiotrophoblast |
| What is the tissue where nutrients and oxygen are exchanged between mother and child? | placenta |
| Which hormone appears soon after implantation takes place? | hcg |
| What is an allele? | gene variant |
| Each round of oogenesis will result in the production of how many eggs? | 1 viable oocyte |
| What chromosome number is associated with gametes? | 23 |
| Where is the only location of haploid cells in the body? | gonads |
| What structures guide the oocyte into the uterine tubes? | fimbrea |
| Where do you find rugae in the reproductive system? | vagina, lining of vaginal tract |
| If no fertilization occurs, what happens to the corpus luteum? | corpus albicans |
| Which duct is cut and ligated in a vasectomy? | vas deferens |
| What enables motility in sperm? | Capacitation- exposure of sperm to female reproductive tract |
| During erection, what change occurs in blood pressure? | Reaches normal systemic blood pressure |
| What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? | genotype= genetic makeup only can know if lab work is done phenotype= is what you can observe |
| chemicals and stuff in environment that disrupts us | endocrine disruptors |
| contamination occurs | before birth/maternal blood supply |
| Fertility | past 35years is alarmingly declining by about 57% decline in sperm |
| microplastic | found in testes and ovaries |
| 85% of nephron | located in cortex |
| steps of urine | filtration, reabsorption, secretion |
| GFR | measure of kidney functions |
| what happens to urine when aldosterone is released | urine production goes down |
| urea | produced from protein breakdown |
| uric acid | produced from nucleic acid breakdown in liver |
| creatinine | produced from creatine |
| 2 main cycles that change during ovary cycle | ovarian, uterine |
| HCG | detected on pregnancy test |
| thickest layer of uterus | myometrium |
| 3 main accessory glands | seminal, prostate, bulborethal |
| gametes | 23 haploid |
| somatic | 46 diploid |
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srgcrmn