What are the 12 cranial nerves in order?

1. Olfactory (I) 2. Optic (II) 3. Oculomotor (III) 4. Trochlear (IV) 5. Trigeminal (V) 6. Abducens (VI) 7. Facial (VII) 8. Vestibulocochlear (VIII) 9. Glossopharyngeal (IX) 10. Vagus (X) 11. Accessory (XI) 12. Hypoglossal (XII)

Olfactory nerve (I) — carries sensory information for smell from the nasal cavity to the brain. Optic nerve (II) — transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. Oculomotor (III) — most eye movements, eyelid elevation, pupil constriction •

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) — carries sensory information for hearing (cochlear branch) and balance (vestibular branch). Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongu Swallowing Monitoring blood pressure and gas levels (carotid

Vagus nerve (X) — parasympathetic control of heart rate, digestion, and visceral sensation.It’s the largest cranial nerve with extensive autonomic function Accessory nerve (XI) Movement of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, allowing head rotation and

Which cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or both?

I Sensory II Sensory III Motor IV Motor V Both VI Motor VII Both VIII Sensory IX Both X Both XI Motor XII Motor

Why does the heart have four chambers?

The four chambers — right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle — keep oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood separate. • The right side sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs. • The left side sends oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal, relaxed breath—usually about 500 mL in a healthy adult.

What is the difference between ventilation and respiration

Ventilation = movement of air in and out of the lungs (breathing). • Respiration = actual exchange of gases (oxygen and CO₂) at the alveoli and tissues. Ventilation is the “airflow,” respiration is the “gas swap.”

What is the diaphragm’s role in breathing

When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, expanding the thoracic cavity and causing inhalation. When it relaxes, it moves upward, reducing space and causing exhalation. It is the primary muscle of breathing

Why is surfactant important

Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing. Without surfactant, breathing becomes much more difficult. Premature infants often lack adequate surfactant, leading to respiratory distress

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Anatomy

Question	Answer
What are the 12 cranial nerves in order?	1. Olfactory (I) 2. Optic (II) 3. Oculomotor (III) 4. Trochlear (IV) 5. Trigeminal (V) 6. Abducens (VI) 7. Facial (VII) 8. Vestibulocochlear (VIII) 9. Glossopharyngeal (IX) 10. Vagus (X) 11. Accessory (XI) 12. Hypoglossal (XII)
Canal nerves 1- 5	Olfactory nerve (I) — carries sensory information for smell from the nasal cavity to the brain. Optic nerve (II) — transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. Oculomotor (III) — most eye movements, eyelid elevation, pupil constriction •
Cranial 8- 9	Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) — carries sensory information for hearing (cochlear branch) and balance (vestibular branch). Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongu Swallowing Monitoring blood pressure and gas levels (carotid
Cranial 10 11	Vagus nerve (X) — parasympathetic control of heart rate, digestion, and visceral sensation.It’s the largest cranial nerve with extensive autonomic function Accessory nerve (XI) Movement of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, allowing head rotation and
Which cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or both?	I Sensory II Sensory III Motor IV Motor V Both VI Motor VII Both VIII Sensory IX Both X Both XI Motor XII Motor
Why does the heart have four chambers?	The four chambers — right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle — keep oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood separate. • The right side sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs. • The left side sends oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
What is tidal volume	Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal, relaxed breath—usually about 500 mL in a healthy adult.
What is the difference between ventilation and respiration	Ventilation = movement of air in and out of the lungs (breathing). • Respiration = actual exchange of gases (oxygen and CO₂) at the alveoli and tissues. Ventilation is the “airflow,” respiration is the “gas swap.”
What is the diaphragm’s role in breathing	When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, expanding the thoracic cavity and causing inhalation. When it relaxes, it moves upward, reducing space and causing exhalation. It is the primary muscle of breathing
Why is surfactant important	Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing. Without surfactant, breathing becomes much more difficult. Premature infants often lack adequate surfactant, leading to respiratory distress

Created by: Ronaldar1978

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