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Physiology 7-13

Digestion and Absorption

TermDefinition
Digestion The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules the body can use.
Absorption The movement of digested nutrients from the GI tract into the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Mechanical Digestion Physical breakdown of food by chewing and stomach churning.
Chemical Digestion Enzymatic breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules.
Peristalsis Wave-like muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Chyme A thick, acidic, semi liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices in the stomach.
VIlli Fingerlike projections lining the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
Microvilli Tiny extensions on villi cells that further increase surface area and help absorb nutrients.
Enzymes Proteins that speed up digestion, such as amylase, lipase, and pepsin.
Emulsification The process by which bile breaks large fat droplets into smaller ones, improving fat digestion and absorption.
Created by: gxzselle
 

 



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