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Samaneh Hamidi

physiology week 7-13

QuestionAnswer
What is the role of myelin in nerve signaling? Myelin increases the speed of action potential conduction through saltatory conduction, allowing rapid communication—critical for reflexes and coordinated movement in patient care.
What part of the CNS coordinates vital life functions such as breathing and heart rate? The brainstem (medulla oblongata), which nurses monitor closely in patients with head injuries or altered consciousness.
Why is the endocrine system essential for homeostasis? It uses hormones to regulate metabolism, growth, fluid balance, and stress responses—vital concepts when evaluating lab results like TSH, cortisol, and insulin.
Why is stroke volume an important concept when evaluating cardiac output? Stroke volume helps nurses determine perfusion status. Low stroke volume may signal dehydration, heart failure, or blood loss.
What is the main purpose of villi and microvilli in the small intestine? To increase surface area for efficient nutrient absorption—critical in patients with malabsorption disorders or GI surgeries.
Why is rapid action potential transmission essential for safe and effective patient movement? It allows the nervous system to coordinate muscle contraction quickly. In nursing, delayed nerve signaling—such as in diabetic neuropathy—can increase fall risk and impair patient mobility.
How does damage to the PNS affect the nursing assessment of peripheral circulation? PNS damage may reduce sensation, masking early signs of ischemia. Nurses must rely on pulse, temperature, and skin integrity to prevent tissue injury.
Why must nurses carefully monitor vital signs when a patient is receiving a drug that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system? Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen demand, which can be dangerous for cardiac-compromised patients.
Why do nurses assess hemoglobin levels when evaluating oxygenation? Hemoglobin carries oxygen; even with normal respirations, low hemoglobin reduces oxygen delivery, leading to fatigue, dyspnea, or chest discomfort.
Why is nutrient absorption important when evaluating patients with chronic GI conditions? Poor absorption can lead to weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, and fatigue. Nurses track intake, weight trends, bowel patterns, and hydration status.
How does lymphatic drainage relate to nursing assessments of edema? Poor lymphatic function causes fluid accumulation. Nurses assess for pitting edema, skin integrity issues, and risk of cellulitis.
In COPD, retained __________ leads to respiratory acidosis and requires careful nursing monitoring. CO₂ (carbon dioxide).
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system? To return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and support immune defense—important when assessing edema or lymph node enlargement.
Gas Exchange The process in which oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed in the alveoli; impaired in conditions like pneumonia, which affects nurses’ respiratory assessments.
Created by: samanehh
 

 



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