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History exam
study material for an exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| renaissance | rebirth of classical (ancient Greek and Roman) ideals |
| small pox | disease brought over by europeans |
| conquistadores | conquering explorers from Spain |
| Cortez | led the Spanish conquest of Mexico |
| Aztecs | violent Pagen tribe that had built an empire in Mexico |
| Montezuma | emperor of the Aztecs. (also a GI infection) |
| Franciscans | Religious order that was active in Mexico in the 16th and 17th centuries |
| Bishop Zmarraga | First Bishop of Mexico |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | explorer; journeyed to the southern coast of Florida, killed by hostile natives |
| Coronado | Spanish explorer, sought a city of gold in Mexico |
| Father Juan de Padilla | offered the first Mass on the North American continent |
| Jacques Cartier | discovered the main waterway into the Great Lakes (St Lawrence River) |
| Common Goal | a common goal amongst many of the explorers was to establish a quicker route to Asia, by traveling west. They were, of course, unaware of the length and breadth of land and ocean that stood in the way of accomplishing this futile objective. |
| scurvy | a condition from which many overseas explorers suffered that is characterized by loss of teeth and is the result of a Vit C deficiency |
| Samuel de Champlain | sailed further than Cartier, up the St Lawrence River, founding Quebec and supporting missionary efforts along his journey to the Great Lakes |
| Saint Juan Diego | visionary that was blessed by visits from Our Lady of Guadalupe, whose instruction included the directive that a chapel be built in her honor and whose ai was to convert the native peoples of Mexico |
| Patronness of the Por-Life Cause | Our Lady of Guadalupe is a fitting patroness of the Pro-Life Movement because she brought an end to the Astec's culture of death (human sacrifice_ and is now being called upon to defend the innocent, unborn |
| Missions | The Franciscan Missions provided education, assisted with farming (including providing native people with more advanced techniques and equipment), and administered the Sacraments |
| John Cabot | Anglicized name of an Italian explorer who was the first individual to arrive in America on behalf of England |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | knighted by Queen Elizabeth I, he established the doomed colony at Roanoke |
| Henry VI | British monarch that sent the first explorers to America in the name of England |
| Virginia Company | one of serval English companies whose aim was to make handsome prophets overseas, went on to sell huge quantities of tobacco to European markets |
| black robes | nickname for Jesuit missionaries in New France |
| St. Isaac Jogues | French Jesuit whose heroism planted the seeds to convert the native people of New France, martyred by mohawks near to the birthplace of the future Native American Saint Kateri Tekakwitha |
| Marquette and Joliet | a priest and fur trader, respectively that explored much of the Mississippi River in the name of France |
| John Smith | sent by the Virginia Company an imported Leder in the establishment of the first successful British colony at Jamestown |
| first thanksgiving | Settlers of the Plymoth Colony establish contact w/ Samoset &Squanto, an Indian trained in English by the church in Europe, to celebrate for several days after surviving a brutal winter.The celebration includes members of local tribes; deer, eel, seafood. |
| mayflower compact | Significant b/c presence of the Puritans was in the name of religious freedom, and this document was aimed to uphold that right, amongst others. 1 of the 1st independently produced gov't documents in American history, had religious freedom at its core. |
| John Rolfe | responsible for introducing tobacco to Virginia from the Caribbean, and secures serious profits for the Virginia Company; marries Pocahontas who convers and becomes "Rebecca." |
| John Adams | patriot federalist and future American president that represented the British in court after the Boston massacre |
| Ohio River Valley | disputed territory at the center of the of the French and Indian war |
| sons of liberty | secret patriot organization that monitored British activity and planned acts of resistance |
| Proclamation Line | A border established by legislation passed in England that restricted the expansion of colonies beyond the Appalachian Mnts. Colonists were angry b/c they had fought and sacrificed to defend British interests in Amer. now, no claims allowed. |
| Advantages | French knew terrain and had formed solid alliances with native people. The British were seasoned soldiers, disciplined and serving under experienced and distinguished leadership. |
| Plains of Abraham | The English surprise the French at Quebec by scaling cliffs at night, & assembling on the Plains of Abraham, catching the French unprepared for a dawn attack that secures victory for the British in the French and Indian War. |
| General Montcalm | French general killed in the battle of Quebec |
| General Wolfe | Famous English general at the battle of Quebec |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 | Treaty that ended the French and Indian war |
| Loyalists | Colonists loyal to British |
| Stamp act | British tax on paper goods the incensed the colonists |
| British East India Company | **Given the ability to sell tea, untaxed, by the Brit Gov't in an underhanded attempt to get the colonists to comply w/ Brit tax legislation in the wake of the repeal of the Stamp Act. Patriots organized the Boston Tea Party. Dressed as Indians, |
| Thomas Paine | author of common sense an important pamphlet enumerating the reasons why the colonies should break free from British rule |
| Lexington and Concord | Amer patriots get intel that the Brit plan to seize arms in Concord. Paul Revere rode to warn Mass. farmers. Minutemen took a stand against Brits. ** As the Brits withdrew toward Lexington, they were struck again by patriot fire, who killed many |
| Declaration of independence, Basic rights | Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness |
| Declaration of independence, god | Nature’s God, Creator, Supreme Judge, Divine Providence, Sacred Honor |
| Declaration of Independence, Grievances | Quartering of soldiers, dissolved representative bodies, Proclamation Line, standing armies in peace time without consent, depriving trial by jury, impressment, cutting off trade, placed military above civil jurisdiction, etc. |
| Advantage | Patriots had the advantage as they had the most to lose if they lost such as British retribution, &they believed they were defending their God given rights. The British were fighting far from home in a land they never intended to live in if they won. |
| Shay’s Rebellion: | An uprising of farmers, war veterans, that took a stand against unfair taxes and seizure of property, led by Daniel Shay. Event played a big role in the decision of the Continental Congress to abandon the Articles of the Confed. |
| Ratify | to accept and to pass legislation |
| Bill of Rights: | 10 Amendments to the Constitution advanced by anti-federalists aimed at protecting basic rights of citizens against a potential abuse of power by the US government |
| Federalists | Believed in a strong national government: George Washington, John Adams |
| Anti-Federalists | Believed in a weaker national government: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison |
| Virginia Plan: | Authored by Edmund Randolph, favored a Congress whose membership was based upon population. This would make states with larger populations have a greater impact in decisions advanced by Congress. |
| New Jersey Plan | Authored by William Patterson, favored a Congress whose membership was based upon equal representation, one delegate from each state. This plan would reduce the impact of the voice of larger populations. |
| Connecticut Compromise | Resolution of conflict between the supporters of the Virginia v. NJ Plans. There'd be 2 houses in Congress: House of Representatives (comprised of members based upon population). Senate would consist of 2reps from each state. Both houses ok=law |
| 1492 | Christopher Columbus discovered America |
| 1497 | first explorer arrives in America on behalf of England |
| 1500-1650 | Renaissance |
| 1531 | year Our Lady of Guadalupe appeared to Juan Diego |
| 1585 | year Sir Walter Raleigh arrived with settlers in Roanoke |
| 1607 | year John Smith’s arrived with settlers on a peninsula on the coast of Virginia (Jamestown) |
| March 5, 1770: | date of the Boston Massacre |
| April 19, 1775 | skirmishes at Lexington and Concord |
| July 4, 1776 | signing of the Declaration of Independence |
| October 19, 1781 | date the British surrendered to the US at Yorktown |
| 1783 | Year the Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolution was signed |
| 1787 | Constitutional Convention took place |
Created by:
EPearl