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JLS-105 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nearly _____________ of all local U.S. newspapers have vanished since 2005. | 40% |
| Counties without access to local news are often referred to as _____________. | News Deserts |
| The report notes a surprising decline not just in print, but also in _____________ readership. | Technological |
| Rural areas are especially affected by news loss due to limited _____________ infrastructure and funding. | Public |
| _____________ broadcasting often provides the only source of local news in underserved communities. | Digital |
| What percentage of local U.S. newspapers have disappeared since 2005? 10% 25% 40% 60% | 40% |
| What term does the report use for areas with little or no access to local news? News oases News deserts News hubs News valleys | News Deserts |
| Which of the following is NOT a key reason for the decline in local news organizations? | Economic Challenges |
| According to the report, which type of area receives the majority of journalism grants? | Urban Areas |
| What is one characteristic of successful local news outlets mentioned in the report? | Avoidance of digital transformation |
| According to the chapter, what led to the decline of newspaper profitability? | Shift from print to digital media |
| What term is used to describe areas without local news coverage? | News Deserts |
| What is a significant challenge for digital news revenue models according to the chapter? | Difficulty in encouraging payment for digital news access |
| What does the term "digital-first" refer to in journalism? | Prioritizing digital media for news dissemination |
| What is "hyperlocal" journalism focused on? | Specific local communities |
| What innovative tactic is Alabama Media Group using for journalism? | Deliberative journalism and public engagement |
| What is the purpose of Report for America? | To support local newsrooms with young journalists |
| What concept has replaced 'audience attraction' in digital journalism? | Audience engagement |
| What is the key advantage of engagement in journalism? | Strengthens journalist-audience relationships |
| What is the aim of geotargeting in journalism? | To deliver content based on user's geographic location |
| What is a significant factor affecting the financial health of news organizations today? | Decline in advertising revenue |
| According to the text, what is one challenge nonprofit news organizations face? | Dependency on fundraising and grants |
| What is one of the fundamental differences between nonprofit and for-profit news organizations according to the text? | Nonprofits are more mission-focused and less traffic-sensitive |
| What does Ian Urbina suggest about the impact of the Internet on journalism? | It has expanded journalism's horizons and reac |
| What is the "replanting strategy" proposed by Steven Waldman? | Replanting for-profit newspapers into local nonprofit organizations |
| The first tenet of the Society of Professional Journalists' Code of Ethics is "_____________ and Report It." | Seek Truth |
| According to W.D. Ross, perfect duties are those that are _____________ binding. | Strictly |
| In journalism, codes of ethics help translate broad principles into specific ________ | Guidelines |
| An ethical _____________ occurs when a journalist faces two competing duties and moral harm is unavoidable. | Dilemma |
| Journalists should always try to _____________ harm while fulfilling their responsibilities. | Minimize |
| Which of the following is an example of a “perfect duty” according to W.D. Ross? a) Gratitude b) Fidelity c) Self-improvement d) Beneficence | Fidelity |
| What is the main purpose of journalism codes of ethics? a) To replace laws b) To ensure journalists make money c) To provide guidelines for responsible reporting d) To encourage sensationalism | To Prove Guidelines for Responsible Reporting |
| In the Bob Woodward case, what ethical issue was at the center of the dilemma? a) Plagiarism b) Timeliness of important information c) Paying for stories d) Protecting a source’s identity | Timeliness of important information |
| Which of these is NOT considered a basis for ethical standards in journalism, according to the reading? a) Law b) Well-founded standards of right and wrong c) Personal fe | Personal Feelings |
| What should journalists do when they encounter a conflict between two duties? a) Ignore the conflict b) Weigh the duties and choose the most important one c) Always prioritize their personal opinion d) Only follow the law | Weigh the duties and choose the most important one |
| What is the primary principle of the Society of Professional Journalists’ Code of Ethics? | Seek Truth and Report It |
| How did Bob Woodward justify his decision to delay reporting Trump's comments about COVID-19? | He wanted to provide a fuller context in his book |
| What was a major critique against Woodward's decision to withhold information about COVID-19? | It contributed to a lack of timely public awareness |
| Which of the following best describes Jayson Blair's actions at The New York Times? | Journalistic Fraud |
| What is one of the primary duties of journalists, according to W.D. Ross's theory? | Nonmaleficence |
| What does Ross's ethical framework primarily focus on? | Duties and Obligations |
| How do journalists typically translate broader ethical principles into specific actions? | By creating codes of ethics |
| In ethical decision-making, what is the significance of starting with an open mind? | To avoid personal bias |
| What is one way journalists can minimize harm in their reporting? | By considering the impact on all stakeholders |
| What duty does the SPJ Code of Ethics emphasize in relation to truth-telling? | Being forthcoming with information |
| How do the filmmakers of Honeyland exemplify the ethical challenges in journalism? | By balancing professional distance with personal involvement |
| What is a common situation where journalists face an ethical dilemma? | Choosing between two good actions |
| What is the relationship between journalism and the public described as in the text? | A commitment to truth-telling |
| An editor holds a live chat on the news website to invite dialogue about recently published crime stories. What section of the SPJ Code of Ethics most applies? | Be Accountable and Transparent |
| Which of the following is not a main section in the Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics? | Treat others they way you want to be treated. |
| Dmitry Muratov is the _____________ of Novaya Gazeta, a well-known Russian newspaper. | Editor in chief |
| In 2021, Muratov was awarded the _____________ Peace Prize for his work defending press freedom. | Nobel |
| Russian authorities labeled over 100 journalists and media as _____________ agents, making it dangerous for them to report. | foreign |
| Muratov auctioned his Nobel ________ to help Ukrainian refugees. | Medal |
| After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, new _____________ were enacted to restrict reporting and speech. | Laws |
| What is Novaya Gazeta best known for? a) Sports reporting b) Investigative journalism and exposing corruption c) Fashion articles d) Entertainment news | Investigative journalism and exposing corruption |
| Why did Muratov decide to auction his Nobel Prize medal? a) To travel the world b) To support the Russian government c) To help Ukrainian refugees d) To buy new equipment for his newspaper | To help Ukrainian refugees |
| What consequence did journalists face for using the word "war" in their reports about Ukraine? a) They won awards b) They could go to prison c) They got pay raises d) They were ignored | They could go to prison |
| Who helped Muratov found Novaya Gazeta by donating Nobel Prize money? a) Vladimir Putin b) Maria Ressa c) Mikhail Gorbachev d) Alexei Navalny | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| What happened to many independent journalists in Russia after the government crackdown? a) They were promoted b) They left the country or faced threats c) They became politicians d) They worked for the government | They left the country or faced threats |
| What was the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association? | Struck down California's law as unconstitutional |
| What is the "clear and present danger" test? | A legal standard to determine when speech can be restricted |
| According to the chapter, what is the difference between "positive liberty" and "negative liberty"? | Positive liberty involves government restrictions; negative liberty involves individual freedom from government |
| What was the outcome of New York Times v. Sullivan? | Established the "actual malice" standard |
| Which case established the "imminent lawless action" test? | Brandenburg v. Ohio |
| What is considered "viewpoint discrimination"? | Government favoring certain speech over others |
| What is the core principle of free speech according to Justice Brennan in New York Times v. Sullivan? | Debate on public issues should be uninhibited and robust |
| What is the significance of the "shield laws"? | They grant journalists protection from revealing sources |
| What is "prior restraint"? | Allowing government censorship before publication |
| What does the term "libel" specifically refer to? | Written or broadcast defamation |
| Why might journalists choose to wear markers identifying them as media at protests? | To demonstrate that they are journalists if targeted by police |
| What was one result of the media's increased access to cover civil rights demonstrations after the Sullivan decision? | The national press widely covered civil rights activities in the South |
| What is a potential risk of enforcing privacy too strictly in government records access? | It might prevent journalists from exposing official misconduct |
| Which of the following is NOT a key principle of the First Amendment discussed in the notes? | Freedom to bear arms |
| What is the primary focus of the First Amendment according to the chapter? | To restrict government power over expression |
| The First Amendment protects the freedom of speech, the press, religion, assembly, and the right to _____________ the government. | Petition |
| The Supreme Court established the "_____________ and present danger" test to determine when speech could be limited. | clear |
| In New York Times v. _____________ (1964), the Court set the "actual malice" standard for libel involving public officials. | Sullivan |
| _____________ is the legal term for written or broadcast defamation that harms a person's reputation. | Libel |
| Content-neutral regulations control the _____________, place, or manner of speech, not the content itself. | Time |
| Which of the following is NOT protected by the First Amendment? a) Freedom of religion b) Freedom of the press c) The right to vote d) Freedom of speech | The right to vote |
| What is the main significance of New York Times v. Sullivan? a) It banned all forms of censorship b) It established the "actual malice" standard for defamation involving public officials c) It created "shield laws" for journalists d) It required journ | It established the "actual malice" standard for defamation |
| Which test does the Supreme Court use to determine if a law restricting speech is content-neutral? a) Rational basis test b) Strict scrutiny c) O'Brien test d) Lemon test | Strict scrutiny |
| Which of these is an example of viewpoint discrimination? a) Banning all protests after 10 PM b) Prohibiting only pro-environmental protests c) Requiring permits for all public demonstrations d) Limiting noise levels at rallies | Prohibiting only pro-environmental protests |
| What is the purpose of "shield laws"? a) To protect government officials from criticism b) To allow the press to access classified documents c) To protect journalists from revealing confidential sources d) To regulate the fairness of news coverage | To protect journalists from revealing confidential sources |
| What was the primary objective of John Doe in leaking the Panama Papers? | To expose crimes and unethical behavior |
| Which organization did John Doe first contact with the Panama Papers? | Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ) |
| What did the Panama Papers mainly reveal? | Offshore banking and financial secrecy |
| Why is journalistic independence crucial according to the chapter? | It enables journalists to report without external influence |
| What does the concept of a "firewall" in journalism refer to? | A protective barrier between journalists and advertisers |
| What challenge do new media technologies pose to traditional journalism? | They dilute journalistic standards |
| What is a major concern when media owners influence journalism? | It can lead to biased or censored news |
| What is emphasized as a crucial factor for maintaining a free press? | Public acknowledgment of its importance |
| Why did John Doe choose journalists over other methods for leaking the papers | He trusted journalists to verify and publish the truth |
| How is press freedom linked to democracy according to the text? | It supports the democratic need for accountability |
| What analogy does Benjamin Franklin use to describe the challenges faced by printers? | A man and his son traveling with an ass |
| What stance does Dan Gillmor suggest journalists should take according to his piece in the chapter? | Become activists for core freedoms |
| What does John Doe suggest about the current state of Capitalism? | It has turned into economic slavery |
| How does Benjamin Franklin justify the role of printers in his "Apology for Printers"? | Printers should serve all parties equally |
| According to Dan Gillmor, what is the role of journalism in society? | To help people understand the world |
Created by:
mme293