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EXAM 2 Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q: Action of tetracyclines? | A: Inhibit protein synthesis (bacteriostatic) |
| Q: Major uses tetracyclines? | A: Acne, H. pylori, MRSA, respiratory/GU infections |
| Q: Signature adverse effect tetracyclines? | A: Teeth discoloration (kids < 8) |
| Q: Sun reaction tetracyclines? | A: Photosensitivity → avoid sun |
| Q: Organ toxicity tetracyclines? | A: Liver + kidneys |
| Q: Interactions tetracyclines? | A: No milk/dairy, antacids, or iron (↓ absorption) |
| Q: Pregnancy tetracyclines? | A: Avoid — teratogenic, teeth issues |
| Mnemonic → TETRA | Teeth — Enteric upset — Teratogen — Renal/liver toxic — Avoid calcium |
| Action of Macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) | Binds 50S ribosome |
| Uses of Macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) | Resp., Skin, GI, STIs |
| Liver problems of macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) | Hepatotoxic |
| GI side effects of macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) | nausea/diarrhea (C. diff risk) |
| Side effects of warfarin when taking macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) | increase risk of bleeding |
| Side effects of antacids of macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) | decrease azithromycin absorption |
| What to monitor with macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) | LFTs |
| Teaching for macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) | Report severe diarrhea |
| Mnemonic for macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) | MACRO=big liver |
| Action of Vancomycin (Glycopeptide) | Inhibit cell wall (cidal) |
| Uses for Vancomycin (Glycopeptide) | MRSA, C.diff |
| Infusion risk of Vancomycin (Glycopeptide) | Red man syndrome (slow IV) |
| Kidney side effects of Vancomycin (Glycopeptide) | Nephrotoxic |
| Ears side effects of Vancomycin (Glycopeptide) | Ototoxic |
| Labs to monitor for Vancomycin (Glycopeptide) | Creatine, trough levels |
| Teaching for Vancomycin (Glycopeptide) | Report hearing loss |
| Mnemonic of Vancomycin (Glycopeptide) VAN-CAN | Very red, Avoid rapid IV, Nephrotoxic, CAN't hear |
| Action of AMINOGLYCOSIDES (Gentamicin) | Inhibit protein synthesis |
| Toxicity of AMINOGLYCOSIDES (Gentamicin) | Oto + nepho+neuro |
| Labs for AMINOGLYCOSIDES (Gentamicin) | Peak & trough, BUN/creatine |
| Report for AMINOGLYCOSIDES (Gentamicin) | Tinnitus |
| Mnemonic AMINOGLYCOSIDES (Gentamicin) | A-MINI-glycosides = Mini kidneys/ears |
| Action of FLUOROQUINOLONES (Ciprofloxacin) | Inhibits DNA synthesis |
| Signature risk of FLUOROQUINOLONES (Ciprofloxacin) | Tendon rupture |
| Sun effects of FLUOROQUINOLONES (Ciprofloxacin) | Photosensitivity |
| Interactions of FLUOROQUINOLONES (Ciprofloxacin) | No Calcium/antacids |
| Mnemonic of FLUOROQUINOLONES (Ciprofloxacin) | Flox - Flex (tendons) |
| Actions of SULFONAMIDES (TMP-SMX) | Folic acid inhibitor |
| Kidney effects of SULFONAMIDES (TMP-SMX) | Crystalluria into fluids |
| Skin effects of SULFONAMIDES (TMP-SMX) | Stevens-johnson syndrome |
| Blood effects of SULFONAMIDES (TMP-SMX) | Anemias |
| Mnemonic of SULFONAMIDES (TMP-SMX) | SUN-fonamides (sun rash) |
| use of METRONIDAZOLE | C. diff, bacterial vaginosis |
| able to drink alcohol with METRONIDAZOLE | No - disulfiram reaction |
| Neuro problems with METRONIDAZOLE | Seizures (rare) |
| Urine color with METRONIDAZOLE | Dark |
| Mnemonic - METRONIDAZOLE | Metro=no alcohol on the rain |
| Peripheral effect of ANTITUBERCULAR — INH | Neuropathy |
| Supplement for ANTITUBERCULAR — INH | Vitamin B6 |
| Liver ANTITUBERCULAR — INH | Toxic |
| Mnemonic of ANTITUBERCULAR — INH | I need hepatic/B6 |
| Body fluids of ANTITUBERCULAR — Rifampin | Orange |
| Oral contraceptives with ANTITUBERCULAR — Rifampin | decreases effectiveness |
| Liver problems of ANTITUBERCULAR — Rifampin | Hepatotoxic |
| Mnemonic of ANTITUBERCULAR — Rifampin | Rifam-orange |
| Use for ANTIVIRAL — Acyclovir | HSV |
| Kidney problems of ANTIVIRAL — Acyclovir | Crystal Nephropathy - Hydrate |
| Labs to monitor for ANTIVIRAL — Acyclovir | BUN/creatine |
| Mnemonic of ANTIVIRAL — Acyclovir | CYCLOPS pees crystals |
| Nickname for ANTIFUNGALS — Amphotericin B | Ampho-terrible |
| Toxic ANTIFUNGALS — Amphotericin B | Nephrotoxicity and bone marrow suppression |
| Premedicate for ANTIFUNGALS — Amphotericin B | fever/chills |
| Side effect antibiotic | GI upset - normal |
| Side effect C. diff risk | Macrolides + tetracyclines |
| Side effect rash | STOP - sulfonamides + vancomycin |
| Side effect of Orange fluids | harmless (rifampin) |
| Dark urine side effect | Metronidazole/INH concern |
| WBC | Therapeutic response |
| BUN/Creatine | Kidney safety |
| AST/ALT | Liver Safety |
| Trough timing | Before 4th dose |
| Danger signs severe diarrhea | STOP (c. diff) |
| Danger signs of sever blisher/rash | emergency |
| Danger signs new ringing ears | Ototoxicity |
| Severe tendon pain danger signs | Stop quinolone |
| Mental changes danger sign | INH |
Created by:
ameliabeth04