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Heart words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| left ventricle | the lower-left chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood through the aortic valve to the rest of the body |
| right ventricle | one of the four chambers of the heart, located in the front of the chest, behind the sternum. Its primary function is to pump deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the lungs, where it can get oxygenated |
| left atrium | one of the four chambers of the heart, located in the upper left side. Its main function is to receive oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins and pump it into the left ventricle for circulation throughout the body |
| right atrium | one of the four chambers of the heart, located in the upper right side. Its main function is to receive deoxygenated blood from the body and pump it into the right ventricle, from where it then travels to the lungs to be oxygenated. |
| coronary artery | blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. They branch off the aorta and form a network around the heart |
| apex | the pointed, bottom-left tip of the heart, formed primarily by the left ventricle, pointing down, forward, and to the left, where its beat (apex beat) is felt in the 5th left intercostal space |
| superior vena cava | a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body—including the head, neck, and arms—to the right atrium of the heart |
| inferior vena cava | The inferior vena cava (IVC) is the largest vein in the human body, responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body, abdomen, and pelvis to the right atrium of the heart |
| pulmonary artery | the artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. |
| chordae tendineae | The chordae tendineae, or "heart strings," are tough, fibrous cords in the heart that connect the papillary muscles in the ventricles to the leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves |
| papillary muscles | Papillary muscles are pillar-like muscles located in the heart's ventricles that are essential for proper atrioventricular (AV) valve function. |
| septum | The heart septum is the muscular wall dividing the heart's left and right sides, ensuring oxygen-rich blood stays separate from oxygen-poor blood |
| tricuspid valve | a crucial heart valve with three flaps (leaflets) that controls blood flow from the right atrium (upper chamber) to the right ventricle (lower chamber), ensuring one-way movement and preventing backflow into the atrium |
| bicuspid / mitral valve | the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, consisting of two tapered cusps. |
| aortic semilunar valve | The aortic semilunar valve is a heart valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta that ensures blood flows in only one direction, preventing backflow into the ventricle |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | The pulmonary semilunar valve, also known as the pulmonic valve, is a one-way valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery that prevents the backflow of blood into the right ventricle. |
| brachiocephalic artery | The brachiocephalic artery is a major blood vessel from the aortic arch that splits to supply the right side of the head, neck, and right arm with oxygenated blood, forming the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries |
| left main coronary artery | The left main coronary artery is a major artery that supplies a large portion of the heart muscle with oxygenated blood |
| left anterior descending coronary artery | The LAD (Left Anterior Descending) artery is the largest coronary artery and is crucial for supplying blood to the front, bottom, and left side of the heart, including the interventricular septum |
| circumflex coronary artery | The circumflex artery is a branch of the left coronary artery that wraps around the left side of the heart, supplying blood to the left atrium, the posterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle, and parts of the left ventricle's papillary muscle |
| left posterior descending coronary artery | a branch of the coronary arteries that supplies blood to the heart. It is a key part of the left-dominant coronary system, The PDA is crucial for supplying the posterior and inferior parts of the heart |
| right coronary artery | The right coronary artery (RCA) is a blood vessel that branches off the aorta and supplies oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart, including the right atrium and right ventricle |
| posterior descending coronary artery | The posterior descending artery (PDA) supplies the posterior third of the interventricular septum and the inferior wall of the left ventricle |
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