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Chapter 7A hc
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| smallest living structures in the body | cells |
| cells with similar function grouped together | tissues |
| two or more types of tissues combined to work together | organs |
| two or more organs combined to provide a major body function | body |
| human body as a whole | organism |
| midsagittal plane | passes from top to bottom through that e center of the body and divides it into equal right and left sides |
| frontal plane | divides the body from top to bottom through the center of the body into front and back portions |
| transverse plane | divides the body horizontally into top and bottom portions |
| midsagittal | median |
| medial | toward the center |
| proximal | nearest to the point of attachment, reference point |
| lateral | away from the center of body |
| distal | farthest from the point of attachment, reference point |
| caudal | closer to the lower back |
| superior (cranial) | above |
| inferior (caudal) | below |
| anterior (ventral | toward the front of the body |
| posterior (dorsal) | toward the back of the body |
| cranial cavity | located in the skull and contains the brain (pbc) |
| posterior body cavity (pbc) | protect the structure of the nervous system |
| spinal cavity | located within the spinal column and contains the spinal cord (pbc) |
| anterior body cavity (abc) | protects the internal organs |
| thoracic cavity | located in the chest and contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels; the diaphragm separates this from the abdominal cavity (abc) |
| abdominal cavity | located in the abdomen and contains the stomach, intestines, live,, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen; the abdominal and pelvic cavities are continuous (abc) |
| pelvic cavity | located in the lower abdomen and contains the urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs |
| cephalic (cranial) | closer to the head |
| deep | farther from the body surface |
| superficial | near or close to the body's surface |
| peripheral | away from the center |
| apex | at the top, highest point |
| base | at the bottom, lowest point |
| epigastric | over the stomach, located just below the sternum (breastbone) |
| right and left hypochondriac regions | located below the ribs on either side of the epigastric region |
| umbilical | located around the umbilicus (navel) |
| right and left lumbar regions | extend anterior to posterior on either side of the umbilical region |
| hypograstic | below the stomach, located over the public area |
| right and left iliac (hip bone) regions | located on either side of the hypogastric region (also called right and left inguinal areas) |
| right upper quadrant | liver and gallbladder |
| right lower quandrant | appendix and certain reproductive organs |
| left upper quandrant | pancreas, stomach, and spleen |
| left lower quandrant | certain reproductive organs |
| epithelial tissues | covers the internal and external organs of the body; lines the cavities, vessels, glands, and body organs |
| connective tissues | holds parts of the body in place; can be liquid, fibrous, solid, fatty, or cartilage |
| nervous tissues | transmits impulses throughout the body and activate, coordinate, and control many functions |
| muscular tissues (mt) | contracts and relaxes to cause or allow movement |
| skeletal | (mt) attached to the bone and enables movement of the skeleton |
| smooth (visceral) | (mt) found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body, blood vessels, and lung airways |
| cardiac | (mt) makes up the muscular wall of the heart |
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