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REL 131 Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drama/Doctrine/Discipleship/Doxology | Drama = the story about God where Christ is the beginning and end (North) Doctrine = Believe the right thing Discipleship = Experience Doxology = Worship |
| Drama of Redemption | The story about God where Christ is the beginning and end The story of Christianity |
| General/special revelation | General revelation = God reveals himself in what He has made Special revelation = God reveals himself in Christ, through his people, and through scripture |
| Transcendence/immanence | Immanence = God's in all but isn't all → qualitatively different → God accommodates for us as he wants to be known Transcendence = God is much more, farther away and harder to grasp than just living within man-made temples etc. He is incomprehensible |
| Polytheism/pantheism/deism | Polytheism = multiple gods Pantheism = God is is everything/all is divine Deism = God created but is no longer involved |
| Analogy/equivocal/univocal | Analogy = Can’t abuse language of God but need to understand the distance Equivocal = One thing means something completely different → transcendent Univocal = One thing means the exact same thing in different scenarios → Immanent *Image* |
| Magisterial/ministerial (authority) | Magisterial = ruling primary - scripture Ministerial = serve primary |
| Inspiration | Scripture is inspired by God --> God breathed Illuminated to us by the Spirit |
| Verbal plenary inspiration | God is the ultimate author of scripture Verbal - In its words Plenary - in its entirety |
| Simplicity (unity) | God is pure in spirit → not made up of parts God is love God is a unified whole |
| Aseity | From Himself-ness → God comes from himself Wholly independent → not dependent on the world Not benefitted from people |
| Immutability and impassability | “Unchageability” Cannot change or suffer Revealed vs. hidden will of God |
| Incommunicable/communicable attributes | Incommunicable = Divine attributes that are not shared with humans Ex. Simplicity, Aseity, and Immutability and impassability |
| Hidden/revealed will of God | God's word reveals his promises & commands as well as his actual execution of judgements and deliverance. His plan includes everything that happens, although not revealed to us |
| Apostles’ Creed | Summary of Christian belief Pledge of allegiance I believe in Father son and HS |
| Trinity | Father Son and Holy Spirit 3 in beings 1 in essence Father - creates Son - Redeems Spirit - Restores |
| Tritheism/modalism | Tritheism = Father, Son, and Spirit are three Gods, or parts of Gods Modalism = God is 1 in himself and 3 towards us → each person is like a mode or mask worn by God |
| Economic/immanent trinity | Economic trinity = The “economy” or drama of salvation is the historical outworking Immanent trinity = God is himself |
| Creation ex nihilo | Ex nihilo = Something out of nothing Providence → God keeps the world and created it and everything was created good |
| Common grace/saving grace | Common grace = Grace to all people → we have grace by simply being alive Saving grace = Grace given in the gospel → born again - regarded by the Holy Spirit |
| Concursus | Going together → Hyper-supernaturalism and naturalism operate together |
| Dualism | Mind or soul are the divine part of us, struggling towards liberation from bodily imprisonment Soul is real self Soul is higher, body is lower |
| Trichotomy | 3 components to humanity: body, soul, and spirit |
| Imago dei | Image of God |
| Original sin | A lost capacity, a damaged relationship, a distorted function, a violated covenant that we cannot retrieve, repair, set straight, or restore *Image* |
| Pelagianism | Denies original sin The idea that humans can achieve salvation through their own efforts |
| Natural/moral ability | Natural ability = as humans we all have the ability to choose to sin like Adam did Moral ability = because of the fall, humans sinful by nature |
| Total depravity | Sin has affected all parts of us → mind, body, and spirit |
| Christ | Fulfillment of God’s promise to Israel God’s covenant through history “Annointed one” |
| Son of Man | Shows how Jesus is fully human and that he experiences the same things that all humans do |
| Son of David | Fulfills the promise of the Messiah who would be an heir to David’s throne as Jesus was. |
| Faithful Adam, True Israel | Jesus is the faithful Adam because he succeeded where Adam failed. And the true Israel because unlike the Israelites, Jesus perfectly obeys God’s will |
| Son of God | Shows the full divinity of Jesus and shares the nature of God |
| Servant of the Lord | Shows that Jesus was came to earth to do God’s will and ultimately be sacrificed for the sins of all humanity |
| Incarnation | Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of a virgin. Came to earth to be fully human and live as a perfect example |
| Ebionitism | From the Ebonites Jesus was only human and not divine Rejects the virgin birth Because of his perfect obedience, God adopted him at his baptism |
| Docetism | Jesus was not truly human and only divine He only appeared to have a body His suffering and death were illusions |
| Arianism | Denies full divinity of Christ Jesus is not eternal and not equal to the Father There was a time when Jesus “was not” |
| Apollinarianism | Jesus had a human body but not a human mind or soul Denies full humanity of Christ |
| Nestorianism | Jesus’ divine and human nature were separate persons Divides the person of Christ |
| Active Obedience | Jesus lived and kept God’s law Jesus “re-does” human life that perfectly represents and glorifies God |
| Passive Obedience | The cross The passion of Christ in his own suffering and death at the cross Suffering Atonement - “at-one-ment” |
| Atonement | Restoring a broken relationship Jesus did it through the cross (sacrifice) |
| Resurrection | Validation of Christ’s identity Represented the defeat of death |
| Penal Substitution | A swap with Jesus - he took our sin in exchange for righteousness |
| Christus Victor | Jesus triumphs over sin and evil He overcomes death |
| Ransom Theory | God gave his life as a ransom for us Mediates between God and humanity |
| Moral Influence | Jesus’ death on the cross is made to change us through his sacrifice Meant to awaken faith, love, and moral renewal |
| Universalism | Everyone will be saved Jesus died for ALL sins of ALL people All without exception or distinction |
| Hypothetical Atonement | Salvation is possible for all Too much emphasis on human choice |
| Particular Redemption/Limited Atonement | ALL sins of SOME people Limits the power of the cross Sufficient for all and efficient for the elect Only those who are predestined will be saved |
| History of Salvation | Relates to the story of God’s saving acts throughout history (creation, incarnation, cross, resurrection, etc.) What God did in history to accomplish redemption Accomplished |
| Order of Salvation | Relates to each individuals experience that follows predestined → called → and then justified The application of redemption Applied Logical, not temporal |
| Election | God selecting individuals to receive salvation |
| Calling | Inward work of the Holy Spirit God calling people into fellowship through Christ |
| Justification | Being made and declared righteous by faith Saved from penalty of sin |
| Adoption | God receives believers as His children Changes our relationship with God |
| Sanctification | Saved from power of sin On-going work of Christ through the Holy Spirit Being set apart and renewed in character progressively |
| Holy Spirit | Work in the History of Salvation Person not a force God within us |
| Apostolic | Teaches the same gospel that the apostles taught |
| Apostolic succession | The idea that the spiritual authority given by Christ to the apostles has been handed down through bishops of the church to all people |
| Regulative principle | The idea that in worship, Christians can not practice anything that was not explicitly commanded in Scripture |
| Invisible/visible church | Visible → all who publicly profess faith in Christ Includes true believers and people who go to Church Invisible → people who are saved by God across all times, nations, and denominations Only known to God. |
| Means of grace/means of unity | Means of grace - the instruments that God uses to give, strengthen, and preserve faith in believers. God → Individual believer Means of unity - The instruments that God uses to unite believers to one another in one church. Believers → believers |
| sign/reality | Sign - things are all symbols e.g. communion Reality - the things of communion are taken literally → really eating flesh and blood that just appears as bread and wine |
| Sacramental word | The word of God functions like a sacrament by actually conveying God’s grace, not just information |
| Sacraments | The Lord’s supper and Baptism |
| Ex opere operato | The idea that a sacrament is effective by the fact that it is performed |
| Sacramental union | The Lutheran idea that wine is wine and bread is bread but that Jesus body has real spiritual presence within it |
| Signs and seals | A sacrament is a visible sign of God’s promise and a divine seal that confirms and strengthens that promise to believers |
| Real presence/transubstantiation | The idea that when we have communion, we are REALLY eating and drinking the body and blood of Christ |
| Glorification | Part of the order of salvation i. Union w/ God as fusion and escape from body ii. Union w/ God as covenantal community |
| Theosis | The idea that salvation is a transformation and believers are gradually healed from sin, filled with divine life, restored to God’s likeness |
| Beatific vision | The idea that the ultimate destiny of the saved is to see God “face to face” and to experience perfect, eternal happiness in direct union with Him. |
| Physicalism | Everything that exists is ultimately physical, or fully dependent on the physical. |
| Millennium | Christ’s 1000 year reign |
| Antichrist | Any teaching, movement, or person that denies the true identity of Jesus Christ |
| intermediate/final state | Intermediate Soul sleep - soul is unconscious or asleep → wake up to new heaven and earth Purgatory - in a “state” before heaven Paradise - present with the Lord (not heaven as paradise is temporary and paradise is permanent) |
| Amillennial, postmillennial, premillennial views | Amillennialism - no millennium, - history as we know it, we’re in it, realist Postmillennial - JC comes back after millennium, optimistic Premillennial - JC returns before thousand years, pessimistic, interprets revelation literally → fr 1000 yrs |
| Apokatastasis | AKA “Universal reconciliation” The idea that God will ultimately restore all beings to himself. |
| Inclusivism | Jesus is the only savior, therefore people who haven’t heard of him are included in salvation |
| Annihilationism | In hell, our souls are completely destroyed |
| Eschotology | The study of the last things We become fully human → made in the image of God Have something Be someone Do something - function the way we should Represent someone |
| Forgiven/excused | Forgiveness accepts what happened and forgives anyway Excused blows over everything / downl=plays or minimizes sin Our sins aren’t excusable but they are forgiveable |
| Ecclesiology | Doctrine of the church |
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