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Ashley Cifuentes
Study stack 2 physio wk 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Action Potential | also called a nerve impulse, is an electrical signal that travels along a neuron. It helps muscle and nerve cells to communicate with each other. It is a temporary change in the membrane potential that happens when the neuron is stimulated |
| Depolarization (Rising phase) | It’s determined by the cell’s membrane potential (cell’s threshold voltage) ;Makes the cell less polar- meaning the cell becomes more + ; Voltage – gated sodium channels open and lets + charged sodium ions enter into the neg. charged axon |
| Repolarization (falling phase) | Main goal is to brings the cell back to resting potential by closing the sodium channel gates and opening the potassium (K+) channels. The potassium channels that are open allows the potassium to exit the cell – this means that the cell loses + charge |
| Hyperpolarization (undershoot phase) | The membrane potential briefly dips lower than the resting potential (more negative) due to the potassium channels remaining open a little longer (letting positive ions exit the neuron) The sodium channels work on returning to the resting state |
| The autonomic nervous system (ANS) | the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary physiological processes such as heat rate, respiration, blood pressure and digestion. There are two main divisions (efferent pathways): SNS and PSNS |
| The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) | Prepares the body to respond to threats, a process called “fight-or-flight” response |
| The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) | also referred to as “rest-and-repair” or “rest-and-digest” and helps coordinate the body's mormal everyday activities |
| What are the 3 senses that are not typically listed within the classic list? | Thermoception - sense of temperature mediated by thermorecptors Proprioception- mechanoreceptors send info to the cerebellum, helps the brain coordinate body position and movement Equilibrioception-The vestibular system in the ear influences balance |
| Hemodynamics | refers to the processes and mechanisms that regulate blood circulation |
| Inotropic | Refers to factors that influence the strength of heart contractions. One mechanical factor is the length of myocardial fibers; this helps determine the “stroke volume” (SV) |
| Starling’s law of the heart | "The more the heart fibers are stretched, the stronger the contraction; the strength of contraction increases with an increase in the blood volume filling the heart |
| Baroreceptors | Stretch receptors located in the walls of certain arteries such as in the aortic arch and carotid. They detect changes in blood pressure (BP) by sensing the stretch of the arterial wall |
| Chemoreceptors | Located in aortic and carotid bodies and brainstem . Adjust respiratory volume and detect changes in Oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and pH |
| Adaptive immunity | also known as acquired immunity, develops after birth as the body is exposed to different antigens. This type of immunity can be either active immunity or passive immunity |
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