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Brett Lebouef
weeks 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary function of the digestive system? | Breakdown of food into absorbable nutrients and elimination of waste. |
| Where does most nutrient absorption occur? | The small intestine (especially the jejunum). |
| What drives the movement of air into the lungs? | Pressure gradients created by diaphragm contraction (Boyle’s Law). |
| Where does gas exchange occur? | Across the alveolar–capillary membrane. |
| What gas primarily controls breathing rate? | CO₂ (via changes in blood pH). |
| What is tidal volume? | The amount of air inhaled/exhaled in a normal breath. |
| What are the functions of the lymphatic system? | Fluid balance, lipid absorption, and immune defense. |
| What do B cells do? | Produce antibodies for humoral immunity. |
| What do T cells do? | Provide cell-mediated immunity by targeting infected or abnormal cells. |
| What is the pacemaker of the heart? | The sinoatrial (SA) node. |
| What is the primary function of red blood cells? | Transport oxygen using hemoglobin. |
| What determines blood pressure? | Cardiac output × peripheral resistance. |
| What structure in the eye controls the amount of light entering? | The iris. |
| What gland is the “master gland”? | The pituitary gland. |
| What hormone regulates metabolism? | Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). |
| What are the two major divisions of the nervous system? | Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). |
| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Involuntary functions (heart rate, digestion, respiration). |
| What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system? | The neuron. |
| What creates the resting membrane potential? | Ion gradients maintained by the Na⁺/K⁺ pump. |
| What triggers an action potential? | Membrane depolarization reaching threshold. |
| What is saltatory conduction? | Jumping of action potentials between nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons. |
| What is a synapse? | Junction where neurons communicate via neurotransmitters. |
| What neurotransmitter is used at neuromuscular junctions? | Acetylcholine (ACh). |