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Blood transfusions

Week 10

TermDefinition
Preparation ensure informed consent, check order (premeds, # of units), IV access (18g, 20g), active type and screen.
Pre-infusion focused assessment, explain procedure, discuss symptoms of transfusion reaction, gather supplies, call for blood, two step verify with RN, baseline VS, hand hygiene, start blood within 30 min of receipt
Safety checks Check blood order closely: type, number of units, flow rate/duration, parameters (keep tag on bag). Two RN check, match blood to order and pt
Transfusion protocols start slow and stay with pt, VS/assess pt. Stop transfusion if there's s/s of reaction, NS only. Plan for 2nd unit and post transfusion care.
Acute Hemolytic Reaction patho cause is infusion of ABO incompatible blood (immediate or delayed). Immune system attacks the RBCs.
Acute Hemolytic Reaction symptoms / treatment lumbar/flank pain, apprehension, fever/chills, hypotension, vascular collapse. Stop transfusion, flush line, tell dr, monitor pt (maintain BP)
Febrile (non-hemolytic) patho Caused by antibody reaction to platelets/granulocytes. During/shortly after as immune response to WBC.
Febrile (non-hemolytic) symptoms / treatment Temp increase (1C or 2F), chills, chest pain, headache. Stop and flush, tell dr, give antipyretics, monitor, await orders to restart (slow)
Allergic reaction patho Sensitivity to donor's plasma proteins. Immediate or delayed to 24 hrs.
Allergic reaction symptoms / treatment Itching, hives, SOB, anxiety, facial flushing, dyspnea, anaphylaxis. Stop and flush, tell dr, VS, meds as ordered, monitor, if ordered restart . REQUIRES NS - RRT
Circulatory Overload TACO: Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload. Caused by admin of rate higher than pt tolerance. Will see headache, edema, dyspnea, HTN, JVD. Stop infusion, tell dr, elevate HOB, O2/diuretics, restart slowly
Created by: user-2007851
 

 



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