What structure initiates an action potential in a neuron? The axon hillock, where threshold is reached to trigger depolarization

Myelin; A fatty insulating layer around axons that speeds electrical signal conduction.

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating breathing and heart rate? The medulla oblongata.

Sympathetic Nervous System; The "rest and digest" branch of ANS that slows the heart and enhances digestion.

What is the main difference between the CNS and PNS? The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord; the PNS includes all peripheral nerves and sensory receptors.

Photoreceptor; Light-sensitive sensory cell (rods and cones) located in the retina for vision.

How do hormones know which cell to affect? Target cells have specific receptors that bind only certain hormones.

Endocrine gland; A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.

What causes the "dup" (second sound) of the heartbeat? Closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) during ventricular diastole.

Cardiac Output; The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute; calculated as stroke volume x heart rate.

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system? To return excess fluid to the bloodstream and facilitate immune defense.

Antibody; A protein produced by B cells that binds specific antigens to help neutralize or destroy pathogens.

How does gas exchange occur in the lungs? Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the thin alveolar, capillary membrane following concentration gradients.

Alveolar Ventilation; The amount of air that reaches functioning alveoli per minute and participates in gas exchange.

What role does hemoglobin play in respiration? It binds oxygen in the bloodstream and transports it to tissue.

Chyme; The semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices entering the small intestine from the stomach.

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Jessica Rivera Donis

Physiology weeks 7-13

Question / Answer	Term / Definition
What structure initiates an action potential in a neuron? The axon hillock, where threshold is reached to trigger depolarization	Myelin; A fatty insulating layer around axons that speeds electrical signal conduction.
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating breathing and heart rate? The medulla oblongata.	Sympathetic Nervous System; The "rest and digest" branch of ANS that slows the heart and enhances digestion.
What is the main difference between the CNS and PNS? The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord; the PNS includes all peripheral nerves and sensory receptors.	Photoreceptor; Light-sensitive sensory cell (rods and cones) located in the retina for vision.
How do hormones know which cell to affect? Target cells have specific receptors that bind only certain hormones.	Endocrine gland; A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
What causes the "dup" (second sound) of the heartbeat? Closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) during ventricular diastole.	Cardiac Output; The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute; calculated as stroke volume x heart rate.
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system? To return excess fluid to the bloodstream and facilitate immune defense.	Antibody; A protein produced by B cells that binds specific antigens to help neutralize or destroy pathogens.
How does gas exchange occur in the lungs? Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the thin alveolar, capillary membrane following concentration gradients.	Alveolar Ventilation; The amount of air that reaches functioning alveoli per minute and participates in gas exchange.
What role does hemoglobin play in respiration? It binds oxygen in the bloodstream and transports it to tissue.	Chyme; The semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices entering the small intestine from the stomach.

Created by: Jaylove2710

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