Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

The rate at which the kidneys filter blood through the glomerulus. It reflects kidney function and helps determine how well waste and excess fluid are removed from the body.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that helps the kidneys keep water in the body. It makes the collecting ducts more permeable to water, reducing urine volume.

A hormone from the adrenal cortex that increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. Water follows sodium, so it helps increase blood volume and pressure.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

A hormone system activated when blood pressure or blood volume drops. It produces angiotensin II and aldosterone to raise blood pressure, conserve sodium, and keep more water in the body.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

A hormone released by the heart when blood volume is too high. It causes the kidneys to excrete more sodium and water, lowering blood pressure and reducing fluid overload.

Filtrate is the fluid that enters the nephron after blood is filtered. As it moves through the nephron, substances are reabsorbed or secreted until it becomes urine.

Sodium-Potassium Pump (Na⁺/K⁺ Pump)

A membrane pump that moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. It maintains electrical gradients and is essential for nerve signaling and muscle contraction.

The balance between hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure that determines fluid movement between capillaries and tissues. Changes in these forces can cause edema (fluid buildup).

Respiratory Compensation

A fast-acting mechanism that adjusts breathing rate to correct blood pH. Faster breathing removes CO₂ and raises pH; slower breathing keeps CO₂ and lowers pH.

A condition where blood pH drops because of increased acids (like lactic acid or ketones) or loss of bicarbonate. The body responds with faster breathing and increased acid excretion by the kidneys.

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Kassey Lucero

Physiology Week 7-13 flash cards

Term	Definition
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)	The rate at which the kidneys filter blood through the glomerulus. It reflects kidney function and helps determine how well waste and excess fluid are removed from the body.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)	A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that helps the kidneys keep water in the body. It makes the collecting ducts more permeable to water, reducing urine volume.
Aldosterone	A hormone from the adrenal cortex that increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. Water follows sodium, so it helps increase blood volume and pressure.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)	A hormone system activated when blood pressure or blood volume drops. It produces angiotensin II and aldosterone to raise blood pressure, conserve sodium, and keep more water in the body.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)	A hormone released by the heart when blood volume is too high. It causes the kidneys to excrete more sodium and water, lowering blood pressure and reducing fluid overload.
Filtrate vs. Urine	Filtrate is the fluid that enters the nephron after blood is filtered. As it moves through the nephron, substances are reabsorbed or secreted until it becomes urine.
Sodium-Potassium Pump (Na⁺/K⁺ Pump)	A membrane pump that moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. It maintains electrical gradients and is essential for nerve signaling and muscle contraction.
Starling Forces	The balance between hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure that determines fluid movement between capillaries and tissues. Changes in these forces can cause edema (fluid buildup).
Respiratory Compensation	A fast-acting mechanism that adjusts breathing rate to correct blood pH. Faster breathing removes CO₂ and raises pH; slower breathing keeps CO₂ and lowers pH.
Metabolic Acidosis	A condition where blood pH drops because of increased acids (like lactic acid or ketones) or loss of bicarbonate. The body responds with faster breathing and increased acid excretion by the kidneys.

Created by: kasssseyy

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