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English quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 18th Century Historical Context (1700-1785) | 1707 Great Britain formed from England, Scotland, Ireland, and Whales. National population doubled to 10 million. Colonialism and slave trade brought wealth. Major political movements |
| Major political movements in the 18th Century | Mary Astell's "A serious proposal to the ladies" propelled feminism. Movement to abolish slavery. Movement for democracy |
| Literacy in 18th Century | expanded to include most of the middle class and some poor. English spread because of colonialism and slavery |
| Publishing in the 18th Century | Publishing boomed, Prerepublican censorship died away replaced by post-republican libel, obscenity and treason laws. Highly active literate public sphere. Copy write laws gave authors ownership of their works |
| Publishing part 2 in the 18th Century | Professional class of authors emerged, patronage diminished. Published authors tended still to be educated elites and aristocrats. More female authors published |
| Poetry vs Prose in the 18th Century | English novel is born. Prose gains in prestige relative to poetry. AGE OF PROSE. Prose (novels, history, travel narratives) are most popular in libraries. Distinction between high and low art emerges as audience and authorship expands |
| 18th Century Neoclassism and Enlightenment | Neoclassism and enlightenment sought to revive artistic ideals of classical Greece and Rome. Privileged reason and logic. Often called AGE OF REASON |
| Neoclassical Literature and Values | Rejection of the complexity and ornateness of Baroque style; preference for simplicity. Preference for common people, problems and scenes. Heroic couplets and blank verse still popular. Poetry increasingly accessible-political satire |
| Neoclassical English Poets | Joseph Addison, John Dryden, Samuel Johnson, Alexander Pope, Johnathan Swift |
| Universalism (18th Century) | emphasizes things that all people have in common: reason, judgement etc. |
| How the enlightenment gave universalism a bad name | When enlightenment writers spoke of the universal capacity for reason and judgement, they really meant the universal capacity of upper and middle class European men. Feminists: its about privileging stereotypically masculine characteristics |
| Major political revolutions in the romanticism era | 1776 American Revolution, 1789 French revolution, 1791 Haitian Revolution |
| Historical Context of romanticism | Major political revolutions, Industrialization and workers movement, Women's right movement, 1807 British slave trade outlawed; 1833 slavery abolished in British Empire. Democratic reform extended vote to about half the male middle class |
| Romanticism and literature | Literature was believed to play a vital role in political revolution. Poetry more prestigious than prose, AGE OF POETRY. More people publishing and reading, (because cheaper), publishing is a big business, writers increasingly able to support themselves |
| Romanticism and the people | Female writers began to compete with male writers in numbers, sales, reputation for the first time in English history. Subjects of literature increasingly more common, humble rather than aristocrats |
| Some important Anglophone poets | William Blake, Lord Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelly, Walt Whitman, William Wordsworth |
| Characteristics of Romanticism | Emphasis on power of imagination, emotion, and intuition, belief that imagination is superior to reason. Exaltation of nature, individualism, individual subjectivity, freedom. Solitary life privileged over social life |
| Characteristics of Romanticism part 2 | Passion for liberty, equality and political change. Viewed artist as heroic, extraordinary individual capable of transforming society. Romantic/Byronic hero: isolated individual who defies societal norms |
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