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Genetics Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amniocentesis | A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus |
| Anneal | To be capable of combining with complementary nucleic acid by a process of heating and cooling |
| Carrier screening | Indiscriminate examination of members of a population to detect heterozygotes for serious disorders |
| Chorionic Villus Sampling | A technique for diagnosing genetic and congenital defects in a fetus by removing and analyzing a sample of the fetal portion of the placenta |
| Denaturation | In DNA, the separation of the two strands of the double helix. |
| Gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA |
| Genetic Counseling | A process of communication that deals with the occurrence or risk that a genetic disorder will occur in a family |
| Genetic testing | The use of methods to determine if someone has a genetic disorder, will develop one, or is a carrier |
| Genome | The complement of an organism’s genes; an organisms genetic material |
| karyotype | A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape |
| Newborn Screening | The analysis of a neonate's blood for metabolic or genetic disorders to prevent mental retardation, disability or death |
| Phenotype | The physical and physiological traits of an organism |
| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | A technique that involves copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of copies in a short period of time |
| Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis | In assisted reproductive technology, the determination of genetic abnormalities in the embryo before it is transferred to the uterus |
| Primer | A short piece of DNA or RNA that is complementary to a section of template strand and acts as an attachment and starting point for the synthesis strand during DNA replication |
| Restriction Enzyme | A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA. |
| Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) | One base-pair variation in the genome sequence |
| Supernatant | The (usually) clear liquid left behind after a precipitate has been spun down to the bottom of a vessel by centrifugation |
| Taq polymerase | A DNA synthesis enzyme that can withstand the high temperatures of PCR |
| Thermal cycler | An instrument that automatically cycles through different temperatures used to complete PCR reactions |
| Ultrasonography | A noninvasive technique involving the formation of a two-dimensional image used for the examination and measurement of internal body structures and the detection of bodily abnormalities |
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