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physiology

week of 7-13

QuestionAnswer
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron? Approximately –70 mV. maintained by ion gradients and the Na⁺/K⁺ pump.
What causes depolarization during an action potential? Voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing Na⁺ to enter the neuron.
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system? Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems? Sympathetic = “fight or flight”; Parasympathetic = “rest and digest.”
What type of receptor detects light? Photoreceptors in the retina.
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands? Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete through ducts.
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall and why? The left ventricle, because it pumps blood to the whole body.
What is the primary function of red blood cells? To carry oxygen using hemoglobin.
What is the role of the lymphatic system? Returns excess fluid to the bloodstream and aids immune function.
What cells are responsible for producing antibodies? Plasma B cells.
What drives gas exchange in the lungs? Diffusion based on partial pressure gradients of O₂ and CO₂.
Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system? The small intestine, especially the jejunum.
 

 



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