What is the primary function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

The myelin sheath insulates axons and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction through saltatory conduction.

What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

The sympathetic division prepares the body for “fight-or-flight” responses (increased heart rate, bronchodilation), whereas the parasympathetic division supports “rest-and-digest” functions (slowed heart rate, increased digestion).

Which endocrine gland controls most other endocrine glands and why is it often called the “master gland”?

The pituitary gland is called the master gland because its hormones (e.g., TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH) regulate the activity of other endocrine glands.

How does the hormone ADH help maintain water balance in the body?

ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys by inserting aquaporins into the collecting duct membrane, reducing urine output.

What is the main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues, while also helping carry some carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure and have thicker walls, while veins carry blood toward the heart and have valves to prevent backflow.

What role do lymph nodes play in the lymphatic system?

Lymph nodes filter lymph, removing pathogens and debris, and house lymphocytes that help initiate immune responses.

How does gas exchange occur in the alveoli of the lungs?

Gas exchange occurs by diffusion: oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.

What processes allow the kidneys to form urine?

Urine formation occurs through three steps: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

What is the primary buffer system that maintains blood pH, and how does it work?

The bicarbonate buffer system maintains blood pH by converting strong acids into weaker carbonic acid and strong bases into weaker bicarbonate, helping stabilize pH around 7.4.

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week 7-13

Learning Activity

Question	Answer
What is the primary function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?	The myelin sheath insulates axons and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction through saltatory conduction.
What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?	The sympathetic division prepares the body for “fight-or-flight” responses (increased heart rate, bronchodilation), whereas the parasympathetic division supports “rest-and-digest” functions (slowed heart rate, increased digestion).
Which endocrine gland controls most other endocrine glands and why is it often called the “master gland”?	The pituitary gland is called the master gland because its hormones (e.g., TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH) regulate the activity of other endocrine glands.
How does the hormone ADH help maintain water balance in the body?	ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys by inserting aquaporins into the collecting duct membrane, reducing urine output.
What is the main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?	Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues, while also helping carry some carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
What is the difference between arteries and veins?	Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure and have thicker walls, while veins carry blood toward the heart and have valves to prevent backflow.
What role do lymph nodes play in the lymphatic system?	Lymph nodes filter lymph, removing pathogens and debris, and house lymphocytes that help initiate immune responses.
How does gas exchange occur in the alveoli of the lungs?	Gas exchange occurs by diffusion: oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.
What processes allow the kidneys to form urine?	Urine formation occurs through three steps: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
What is the primary buffer system that maintains blood pH, and how does it work?	The bicarbonate buffer system maintains blood pH by converting strong acids into weaker carbonic acid and strong bases into weaker bicarbonate, helping stabilize pH around 7.4.

Created by: Vgaroutte

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