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Laura Diweh

Assignment Set 2: Human Physiology 7-13

QuestionAnswer
What is the process by which neurons transmit signals? Neurons transmit signals through electrical and chemical signals, involving action potentials and neurotransmitter release.
What is the role of myelin in nerve signaling? Myelin insulates the axon, increasing the speed of signal transmission through saltatory conduction.
What happens at the synapse? At the synapse, neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron, bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, and generate a new signal
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)? The ANS regulates involuntary functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing, to maintain homeostasis.
What is the difference between the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)? The SNS controls voluntary movements, while the ANS controls involuntary functions. The SNS is part of the PNS.
What is the role of sensory receptors? Sensory receptors detect stimuli, such as light, sound, or chemicals, and send signals to the nervous system.
What is the function of the endocrine system? The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
What is an example of a sensory system and its corresponding endocrine response? The sensory system: vision (eyes detect light) → endocrine response: melatonin regulation (pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles based on light exposure)
What are the main functions of the heart? The heart pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and waste products.
What are the four chambers of the heart? The four chambers are: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
What is the difference between arteries and veins? Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
What is the main function of the lymphatic system? The lymphatic system helps defend the body against infection and disease by filtering lymph fluid, trapping pathogens, and producing immune cells.
What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system? Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) recognize and respond to specific pathogens, helping to eliminate infections and provide immunity
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity? Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defense against infection, while adaptive immunity provides specific, long-term protection through immune memory and antibody production.
What is the primary function of the respiratory system? The primary function of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air we breathe and the bloodstream.
What is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs? Gas exchange occurs through diffusion, where oxygen moves from the alveoli into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide moves from the bloodstream into the alveoli.
What is the role of hemoglobin in gas exchange? Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen, allowing it to be transported from the lungs to the body's tissues, and also helps to remove carbon dioxide.
What is the primary function of the digestive system? The primary function of the digestive system is to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.
What are the main enzymes involved in protein digestion? Pepsin (stomach) and trypsin (small intestine) are key enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids.
Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system? Most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, where specialized cells called microvilli increase the surface area for absorption
Created by: Laura4real
 

 



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