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GOV FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which ideology places the greatest emphasis on economic equality? | socialism |
| Who was the chief advocate of the divine right of kings or the idea that monarchs and emperors ruled according to God's will? | Jacques-Benigne Bossuet |
| Identify the definition of political engagement. | citizen actions intended to solve public problems through political means |
| Which ideology, in its pure theoretical form, places the greatest emphasis on government control of the economy? | socialism |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of most governments? | to arrest all opponents |
| Which of the following statements about majority rule is NOT true? | Political candidates in all democracies must win a majority of votes. |
| Who held the right to vote during the American republic’s early years? | White men only |
| Political ideology provides a framework for which of the following? | thinking about politics, thinking about policy issues, and considering the role of government in society |
| Efficacy is peoples’ belief that | they have the power to achieve something desirable, and the government will listen to them. |
| Which regions of the United States are seeing increased elderly populations as younger people leave these regions and seek opportunities elsewhere? | Midwest and Plains |
| The assembled delegates at the Second Continental Congress | empowered Congress to function as an independent government. |
| In the two-tiered system of colonial government in the early eighteenth century, which group enacted the laws that Great Britain expected the colonists to comply with? | Parliament |
| Under the original Constitution, Congress could not ban the slave trade until | 1808. |
| Marbury v. Madison is a landmark Supreme Court decision that | set the precedent for judicial review. |
| Which of the following chronological sequences of events is correct? | Boston Tea Party; First Continental Congress; Declaration of Independence |
| The "dual sovereignty" of the Constitution refers to | a federal system, or the sharing of power between the national government and state governments. |
| In the two-tiered system of colonial government in the early eighteenth century, which group had authority over day-to-day matters? | local officials and assemblies elected by the colonists |
| Which of the following groups were primarily involved in Shays's Rebellion? | Revolutionary War veterans who wanted to be paid and small farmers with large debts |
| At Philadelphia, who drafted the Virginia Plan, which included a three-branch government? | James Madison |
| In designing the Constitution, which component of the federal government was the only one the framers allowed to be elected directly by citizens? | the House of Representatives |
| In a federal system, which body retains primary jurisdiction over local governments? | state governments |
| Which type of intergovernmental tool allows the national government to influence the budget decisions of state and local governments by providing them money that can only be spent narrowly on a national priority? | categorical grant |
| Which of the following states has the largest number of local governments? | California |
| Historically, which of these has been the most common form of national grant-in-aid to the states? | categorical formula grants |
| Clauses in national laws that direct state and local governments to do something specified by the national government are known as | mandates |
| Which U.S. Supreme Court ruling determined states must obtain national government approval to prosecute crimes committed on Native lands? | McGirl v. Oklahoma, in favor of McGirl |
| American colonists experienced three different types of government in which of these sequences? | unitary system, confederal system, federal system |
| Whose presidency marked the appearance of centralized federalism, where the national government imposed its own policy preferences on state and local governments? | Lyndon Johnson |
| Which of the following describes how a categorical project grant operates? | covers a narrow purpose, but the amount granted depends on competition between states that write proposals |
| What view does the Constitution take regarding the legal status of Native American nations? | They are considered sovereign foreign nations. |
| According to one of the provisions of the Lemon test, for a state law to not violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment, it must | not entangle the government excessively in religion. |
| Which of the following was most important in the Supreme Court's shift from the clear and probable danger test to the imminent lawless action test? | the declining fear of a communist overthrow of the United States |
| In 1973 the Supreme Court developed a test by which a book, film, or other form of expression would be considered legally obscene. Which of the following was among the measures of that test? | The work depicts or describes, in an obviously offensive way, a form of sexual conduct specifically prohibited by an antiobscenity law. |
| Which 1961 decision extended exclusionary rules of search and seizure to state court proceedings? | Mapp v. Ohio |
| Which of the following is true of the current state of FRT technology and its use by governments and private companies? | Law enforcement does not currently need a warrant before using FRT in surveillance, but there is pressure on Congress to pass legislation requiring this. |
| Which legal case concerned the burning of the American flag and led to a series of legal challenges? | Texas v. Johnson |
| Which case, decided in 1965, first firmly established the right to privacy? | Griswold v. Connecticut |
| During the Civil War, which legal right did President Abraham Lincoln suspend as a means of silencing political dissidents? | the writ of habeas corpus |
| The right to privacy | has been ruled by the Court as inherent in many of the other constitutional guarantees. |
| Which of the following protects an individual from being held in custody without the right to be heard in a court of law? | habeas corpus |
| Which of the following is true of voter suppression prior to the 2024 presidential elections? | Sophisticated AI spreads disinformation with “deep fakes.” |
| Which 2023 Supreme Court decision ruled that the First Amendment protected a website designer’s right to refuse services to a same-sex couple? | 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis |
| Of the following, which have the highest average wage? | white, non-Hispanic women |
| The active yet nonviolent refusal to comply with morally-objectionable laws, used by abolitionist organizations like the American Anti-Slavery Society and civil rights activists like Martin Luther King, Jr., is known as what? | civil disobedience |
| ________, part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, establishes a standard of equality in employment opportunity, and provides legal underpinning for a body of law that regulates legal employment practices. | Title VII |
| In cases related to suspect classifications, the courts will apply the | strict scrutiny test. |
| Which legal case was the first to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment's protections also applied to women? | Bradwell v. Illinois |
| 18-year-olds were granted the right to vote in | 1971 |
| What outcome resulted from most of the 370 treaties entered into between Native American tribes and the federal government between 1778 and 1870? | The federal government reneged on its promises, and the Native American tribes received no land. |
| The mass movement for Mexican American civil rights of which Cesar Chavez was a leader is known as | the Chicano Movement. |
| Which of the following was an important consideration during the shaping of congressional functions? | checks and balances |
| According to the Constitution, who is the president of the Senate? | vice president |
| The reciprocal practice of trading votes, or ________, is widely used in Congress. | logrolling |
| Partisan voting is usually most prominent | just prior to elections. |
| In seeking to avoid the types of unfair taxes that had sparked the American Revolution, the framers of the Constitution | formed a short electoral cycle for members of the House of Representatives. |
| Using computer-driven mapmaking technology, most congressional seats are configured to ensure a "safe seat." This tends to increase congressional | partisanship. |
| In 2023, the Supreme Court overturned its earlier ruling that state courts’ cannot exercise oversight of state legislatures on election laws, including redistricting, for federal elections. What anticipated outcome is predicted due to this ruling? | Elections will become increasingly competitive in states that elect their supreme court judges. |
| Both historically and continuing today, civically engaged citizens have a _________ influence on the outcome of the policy-making process. | strong |
| All of the following are tools that Congress uses to "check" the executive branch EXCEPT | legislative veto. |
| Which of the following is NOT required for an effective presidential pocket veto? | The president sends a message to Congress explaining why the bill should not become law. |
| Modern presidents use the bully pulpit to persuade the public on a(n) ________ basis. | virtually continuous |
| Thomas Jefferson's decision to initiate the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 was an early example of the exercising of ________ presidential powers. | inherent |
| Generally, executive orders have ________ limitations and stipulations. | very few |
| President Bush's high approval ratings after his response to the September 11 attacks are an example of the ________ effect. | rally round the flag |
| The president can exert all the following powers through the use of executive order EXCEPT | creating new taxes and laws. |
| Which statement is NOT true regarding the responsibilities of the vice president? | The vice president appoints the director of the Office of Management and Budget, which is then confirmed by the Senate. |
| What is the date of presidential inauguration ceremonies? | January 20 |
| Which first lady was appointed by her husband to head a task force on health care reform? | Hillary Clinton |
| Modern presidents are generally ________ to issue vetoes than their predecessors. | much more likely |
| Which constitutional amendment, passed in 1967, determines the course of action in the case of a president being incapacitated? | Twenty-Fifth |
| The process by which upper-level bureaucrats use their administrative discretion to create rules, regulations, and standards that the bureaucracy will then enforce is called | administrative rule making. |
| Which of the following is NOT a way in which Congress encourages bureaucratic accountability? | by making rulings as to whether agency policies comply with the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments |
| Which piece of legislation provided some protection to whistleblowers, those employees who disclose government misconduct, waste, or abuses of authority? | Civil Service Reform Act |
| According to political scientists and the textbook, how many different categories of executive branch organizations are there? | five |
| Which of the following is the newest of the national government's 15 federal departments? | Department of Homeland Security |
| Those workers who are hired and paid by private for-profit and nonprofit organizations to implement public policy through government contracts are known as ________ bureaucrats. | shadow |
| Which of the following refers to laws that provide plans of action to address societal concerns and identify the executive units that will put them into effect? | authorization legislation |
| Which of the following was one of the first laws designed to enhance federal bureaucratic accountability to the people? | Administrative Procedure Act |
| The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 created or supported the creation of all these agencies EXCEPT the | Civil Service Commission (CSC). |
| Which of the following is expected to make enough money to cover its own costs? | government corporation |
| The U.S. circuit courts of appeals | have mandatory appellate jurisdiction. |
| Which of these special court's processes drew study by the Justice Department’s independent inspector after its involvement in the FBI's Russia investigation? | FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) Court |
| Which phases of the Supreme Court's hearing and deliberations process offer the most opportunities for civic engagement? | "friend of the court" briefs and oral arguments |
| Who is charged with drafting cert memos, which summarize the facts, describe the legal arguments, and make a recommendation as to whether the Supreme Court should take the case? | Supreme Court clerks |
| The principle of stare decisis, a Latin phrase that means "let the decision stand," is the basis of the modern legal concept of | precedent. |
| According to judicial scholar Thomas Keck, the most activist Supreme Court was the ________ Court. | Rehnquist |
| Senatorial courtesy, used today in the selection of ________, gives a senator the right to veto an appointment to when the senator and nominee are from the same home state. | district court and courts of appeals judges |
| Which of the following would be considered a component of the "cult of the robe?" | the sitting of justices on a physically high bench |
| The most significant power exercised by the Supreme Court is | judicial review. |
| A request to the Supreme Court that it review a case that was already decided is made via a(n) | certiorari petition. |
| What type of tax takes the same percentage of each taxpayer's income? | proportional tax |
| Opponents of protectionist policy argue that it | raises prices for both domestic and imported products. |
| In 2009, President Obama and Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. This "stimulus package" is based on what type of economic theory? | Keynesian |
| Fiscal policy is a combination of ________ policy and ________ policy. | tax; spending |
| Which of the following is the total pretax earnings of all residents over the age of 15 living in a home? | household income |
| Item6 1/1 points awarded Item Scored eBookPrintReferencesItem 6 Which of the following characterized the U.S. economy in 2024, according to Biden’s State of the Union Address? | The racial wealth gap was the smallest it had been in 20 years. |
| When is the president required by law to submit the executive budget to Congress? | first Monday in February |
| The discount rate affects the federal funds rate. What is the federal funds rate? | the rate banks pay each other to borrow money overnight |
| Which of the following years had the largest budget deficit? | 2021 |
| Which era saw the national government take the first steps to regulate workplace rules and conditions? | late 19th century |
| Which of the following was part of President Trump's energy policy? | approving the Keystone XL and Dakota Access Pipelines |
| Established in 1972, the Supplementary Security Income (SSI) program involves which type of benefit? | means-tested benefit |
| Roads, bridges, schools, power grids, airports, ports, railway systems, sewer systems, water lines and systems, water treatment plants, broadband networks, sidewalks, traffic lights, and hospitals are all examples of what? | infrastructure |
| What type of national program benefits a targeted population and is paid for by a portion of the general revenue collected from all taxpayers? | a noncontributory program |
| In which of the following ways did the Small Business Association respond to the coronavirus pandemic? | providing billions of dollars in loans to keep small businesses going, some of which did not need to be repaid if a business kept all employees on staff for a certain amount of time |
| How do most government agencies determine eligibility for most in-kind assistance safety-net programs? | HHS's poverty guidelines |
| According to Social Security and Medicare Boards of Trustees, as noted in their 2024 Annual Report, the OASI Trust Fund | will be able to pay scheduled retirement and survivor benefits on a timely basis only until 2033. |
| The Affordable Care Act: | prohibits insurance companies from denying coverage to people with preexisting conditions. |
| Under the provisions of the Clean Air Act of 1970, who was given enforcement responsibility for air quality standards? | the states or the EPA, given the level of compliance |
| Safety net programs | are programs that seek to ensure that the physiological needs of citizens are met. |
| Throughout the early 18th century, which European power practiced impressments, or kidnapping, of U.S. sailors? | Britain |
| Which of these international financial organizations regulates the monetary relationship among nations and establishes exchange rates for the world's major currencies? | International Monetary Fund |
| Which president introduced the notion of the United States as an "international police power"? | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Which of the following is an ongoing challenge for U.S. foreign policy in the 21st century? | All of these answers are correct |
| In response to which conflict, in which the president used U.S. troops without a formal congressional declaration of war, did Congress pass the War Powers Act? | the Vietnam War |
| What term is used for the influence of domestic interests on foreign policy? | intermestics |
| Samuel Huntington's thesis holds that the greatest source of conflict now and in the future will be between cultural differences rooted in capitalism and traditional values grounded in religious beliefs. What does Huntington call this theory? | the clash of civilizations |
| Which European power supported the United States' role in the Americas as described by the Monroe Doctrine? | Britain |
| The collapse of the Soviet Union began during the presidency of Ronald Reagan and was completed during which of these presidential administrations? | George H. W. Bush |
| What is the main goal of U.S. foreign policymakers when a military action is less concerned with changing a nation's policies than with deposing its leaders? | regime change |
| Former House Speaker Tip O'Neill said that "All politics is ________" | local |
| One-party dominance in House districts tends to produce winning candidates who are | more extremely ideological. |
| During the era of the Second Party System, which political coalition rose to power? | Jacksonian Democrats |
| Which of the following do voters increasingly rely on for political information and knowledge? | the Internet and cell phones |
| Which of the following have usually composed the base of the Republican Party? | upper-middle-class voters, very religious citizens, and small-business owners |
| The election laws at the federal and state levels | are written primarily by either Democrats or Republicans. |
| Once elected into office, the party in government exerts ________ influence over the organization and running of government. | significant |
| How many times was Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president? | four times |
| Why would it be difficult for a third major party to be successful? | The support for a third major party is spread across people of widely varying ideologies. |
| Recently, regardless of whether the party's nominee for president has won or lost, one of the most important roles of the national party chair has been | raising money |
| Historically, efforts at voter suppression particularly affected voter participation by _____. | Black, Latino, and Asian American voters |
| In recent years, political campaigns have grown | increasingly negative. |
| In 2024, how much money could a national party give to each candidate or candidate committee, per election? | $5,000 |
| All of the following are influential factors in general election competitiveness EXCEPT | candidate age. |
| Al had previously reviewed each candidate’s position. Juanita decided to cast her vote for a new mayoral candidate over the incumbent; she did not like the way the current mayor seemed to take sides in an ongoing court case involving the police union. | a retrospective voter |
| Which year saw a party convention that prodded both parties to make significant reforms that increased party-voter influence for candidate selection? | 1968 |
| What type of election allows voters to cut short a state or local office-holder's term? | recall election |
| In general elections for Congress, how many votes must a candidate receive in order to win? | the most votes |
| What technology has facilitated the use of instant runoff elections? | computerized voting machines |
| On which of these types of issues are voters most willing to base their vote? | issues salient to them |
| In 2024, how much money could an individual give to each candidate or candidate committee, per election? | $3,300 |
| In most elections, the Electoral College ________Blank the winner's margin of victory. | exaggerates |
| What is another name for absentee voting? | mail-in voting |
| A person with which education level is most likely to vote? | advanced degree |
| What is a voter called when they evaluate candidates based on the candidates' positions and vote for the candidate that best represents their views? | prospective voter |
| Which of the following statements about age and voting in the United States is most accurate? | Eighteen-year-olds were first given the right to vote in the 1970s. |
| In some states, party voters select delegates at state party meetings known as | caucuses. |
| During the presidential election of 2000, which state's voting system came under enormous scrutiny because of voting irregularities caused by poorly designed ballots? | Florida |
| Which of the following generally describes the formal eligibility requirements for elected office at the state level? | age, residency, and citizenship |
| Which of the following statements about who can vote in primary elections is the most accurate? | Who can vote in primary elections varies from state to state. |
| In most elections, the Electoral College ________ the winner's margin of victory. | exaggerates |
| Which year saw a party convention that prodded both parties to make significant reforms that increased party-voter influence for candidate selection? | 1968 |
| Direct forms of political participation include | volunteering on a campaign, running for office, and voting. |
| In the United States, most general elections are held in which month? | November |
| Which anticorruption reform is also known as the Hatch Act of 1939? | Political Activities Act |
| In response to the greater access that was largely available for voters in the 2020 election, some strategic efforts, particularly in states with Republican-controlled state legislatures, have been directed at _____ | impinging on voting access |
| Which of the following was NOT a problem in the contested Florida presidential election results of 2000? | a faulty electronic voting system |
| Which groups typically sponsor initiatives, or initiative petitions? | citizens and interest groups |
| A candidate for vice president must be | a resident of a different state than the presidential candidate. |
| Which of the following is true of meddling by foreign governments in U.S. elections? | It threatens popular sovereignty, an essential component of a healthy democracy. |
| In which month is Super Tuesday, the day on which the most presidential primary elections take place? | March |
| How many electors are there in the Electoral College? | 538 |
| Which of the following is NOT a criticism of vote-by-mail? | It decreases voter participation. |
| In a referendum, voters in a state can vote for or against a measure proposed by whom? | state legislatures |
| Which of the following is FALSE about balloting in the United States? | Methods of balloting are constitutionally stipulated. |
| Which of the following describes what motivates individuals to run for office? | civic responsibility, party allegiance, personal goals, and desire for greater name recognition |
| What theory states that making the conscious choice not to vote is rational and logical? | rational choice theory |
| Which of these terms refers to funds given to nonprofit organizations through an anonymous donation and spent to influence elections? | dark money |
| What is the most important factor determining how a person will vote? | there is no factor |
Created by:
Angel Guerrero