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RTE Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| respiratory distress versus arrest | trouble breathing or requiring extra effort to breathe vs breathing stops while the heart still beats |
| signs and symptoms of respiratory distress | abnormal breathing patterns, unusual breathing noises, dizziness, chest pain, abnormal skin color, shortness of breath, gasping for breath, hyperventilation, wheezing, gurgling |
| signs and symptoms of respiratory arrest | absence of breathing, change in skin color: ashen or cyanotic |
| care for respiratory distress | activate EMS, offer to help person to take their medication, encourage person to sit down and lean forward, reassure them, interview person, be prepared to give CPR and use an AED if the person becomes unresponsive |
| MOI: heart stops beating or beats irregularly or weakly to bump enough blood effectively | cardiac arrest |
| signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest | chest pain radiates into shoulder, nausea/vomiting, perspiration, breathing difficulties, fluctuating pulse |
| Emergency care for cardiac arrest | determine responsiveness (tap-ask-tap), activate EMS, get AED, open airway with head tilt/chin lift maneuver, determine breathlessness (look, listen, feel), give CPR (30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths), use AED according to directions |
| MOI: external bleeding (blood vessel is opened externally, such as through a tear in the skin | minor bleeding |
| signs and symptoms of minor bleeding | bleeding, signs and symptoms of infection (increased pain, swelling, redness or warmth in wound, red streaks, pus, fever) |
| care for minor bleeding | Apply direct pressure with gauze pad and disposable, latex-free gloves, wash injury site with soap and warm water, apply antibiotic ointment, cover area with gauze pad and bandage, wash hands and items after giving care, monitor wound for infection |
| MOI: profuse bleeding from a wound that is a potential threat to life; critically reduces BV, tissues die from lack of oxygen, external or internal | severe, life-threatening bleeding |
| signs and symptoms of severe, life-threatening external/internal bleeding | E: heavy, uncontrollable bleeding; I: Restlessness, cold, clammy skin, weak, rapid pulse, rapid bleeding, a drop in blood pressure |
| Emergency care for severe, life-threatening bleeding | Activate EMS, Monitor ABCD’s, Check for fractures, Apply tourniquet, Treat for shock |
| MOI: a life-threatening condition that occurs when the circulatory system fails to provide adequate oxygenated blood to all parts of the body | shock |
| signs and symptoms of shock | apprehension, anxiety, restlessness or irritability, alerted level of consciousness, nausea or vomiting, pale, ashen or grayish, cool, moist skin, rapid breathing, rapid, weak heartbeat, excessive thirst |
| emergency care for shock | Check scene for safety, Activate EMS, Make sure victim is, breathing adequately, Control bleeding, Loosen clothing, Splint and immobilize fractures, Relieve pain as able, Supine with feet up, Keep victim warm, Do not offer them food or drinks |
| MOI: falling or getting hit in the nose, signs and symptoms include bleeding and deformity | nosebleed |
| care for nosebleed | Pinch nostrils or use gauze belt, Do not lean backwards in sitting position, Do not remove foreign objects, Use petroleum jelly to stop bleeding, Apply cold compress, Treat for shock, Activate EMS for severe, uncontrollable bleeding |
| MOI: an object, such as a branch or piece of metal, that penetrates the body and remains inside it; signs and symptoms of severe, internal bleeding | impaled object, penetration trauma |
| emergency care for impaled objects/penetration trauma | Activate EMS, Do not remove object, Put on latex-free gloves, Place dressings around object to begin controlling bleeding, Pack bulk dressings or roller bandages around object, Treat for shock, Wash hands after giving care |
| MOI: removal or severing of an external body part; severe bleeding and tissue damage | amputation |
| care for amputation | Activate EMS, control bleeding with direct pressure and bandages, wrap part in sterile gauze, place it in sealable plastic bag or container and larger bag or container of ice and water slurry. transport it to medical facility by EMS personnel with victim |
| MOI: tooth is knocked out by an external force; bleeding, missing tooth | injured tooth |
| care for injured tooth | Place rolled gauze pad into space left by missing tooth, Have person gently bite down on gauze to maintain pressure and control bleeding, place tooth in egg white, coconut water, whole milk or injured person’s saliva, Seek dental or emergency care |
| MOI: excessive stretching and tearing of muscles or tendons; a pulled or torn muscle; overexertion, sudden or uncoordinated movement | strain |
| MOI: partial or complete tearing or stretching of ligaments and other soft tissue structures at a joint; bones that form a joint are forced beyond their normal or usual range of motion | sprain |
| MOI: displacement of bone from its normal position at a joint caused by a violent force tearing the ligaments holding bond in place | dislocation |
| MOI: a type of fracture in which there is an open wound in the skin over the fracture; limb is severely angulated or bent, or object penetrates skin and breaks bone | open fracture |
| MOI: skin over broken bone is intact | closed fracture |
| signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries | unusual sounds, pain, bruising/swelling, deformity, inability to move through normal ROM, obvious deformity, cold, numb, or tingly, MOI, severe, life-threatening bleeding, infection |
| emergency care for musculoskeletal injuries: activate EMS for | obvious deformity, moderate or severe swelling and discoloration, open fracture, person cannot move or use affected part in normal ROM, injured area is cold and numb, person has trouble breathing |
| Emergency care for MSI | rest, immobilize (avoid movement or straightening limb), check distal pulse, circulation, and temperature before and after splinting, apply ice (cold pack or peas with cloth as barrier), compression, elevation above heart |
| temporary loss of brain function caused by a blow to the head (sports-related injuries, bump, blow or jolt to the head that results in rapid head movement) | head injury/concussion |
| signs and symptoms of concussion | confusion, headache, memory loss (antegrade or retrograde amnesia), nausea/vomiting, speech problems, blurred vision |
| care for concussions | Call 9-1-1 or designated emergency number Open airway Encourage victim to talk to you Treat for shock |
| MOI: fracture, sprain, strain, compression that severs spinal cord | spinal injuries |
| signs and symptoms of of head, neck, and spinal injuries | CIC, severe pain or pressure, tingling, paralysis, unusual bumps or depressions, memory loss , blood or fluids in ears or nose, profuse external bleeding, seizures, impaired breathing or vision, nausea/vomiting, headache, loss of balance, BS, RE |
| care for head, neck, and spinal injuries | Use manual stabilization Do not remove any helmets or equipment Minimize any movement Check for life-threatening conditions Control bleeding Do not use direct pressure if skull fracture is suspected Do not move penetrating objects Treat for shock |
| MOI: swallowing poison; nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, chest or abdominal pain, trouble breathing, sweating, changes in level of consciousness | ingested poisons |
| care for ingested poisons | Call PCC, Follow call taker’s directions, Do not give a person drink or food, Induce vomiting unless victim is unresponsive, having a seizure, is pregnant, has ingested a corrosive substance, known to have heart disease, Antibiotic or antitoxin therapy |
| MOI: poison breathed into lungs; trouble breathing or faster or slower breathing rate, chest pain or tightness, burning in nose or eyes, nausea and vomiting, cyanosis | inhaled poisons |
| emergency care for inhaled poisons | Scene unsafe: call 9-1-1 or designated emergency number, Scene safe: remove person from source of poison without endangering yourself, Get them to fresh air, Give care for life-threatening conditions for an unresponsive victim, Call for advanced care |
| MOI: poison enters body through skin or mucous membranes in eyes, nose and mouth; traces of liquid, powder or chemical on person’s skin, skin looks burned, irritated, red or swollen, blisters oozing fluid, rash, itchy skin | absorbed poisons |
| care for absorbed poisons: contact with poisonous plant (poison ivy, oak or sumac) | Remove jewelry if contaminated or constricts circulation Rinse affected area for 20 minutes (shower or garden hose) |
| care for absorbed poisons: rash or weeping lesion and eye contact | seek pharmacist or healthcare provider for treatment (antihistamines); Irrigate affected eye(s) from nose side of the eye with clean water for 15 minutes |
| care for absorbed poisons - dry and wet chemicals | Brush off with gloved hands, Flush with tap water under pressure, don't inhale or contact on your body, your eyes; Flush area continuously with large amounts of cool, running water for 20 minutes or until more advanced medical personnel arrive |
| MOI: too much sugar (glucose)/abnormally high blood glucose levels | diabetic coma (hyperglycemia) |
| MOI: too little sugar in bloodstream/abnormally low blood glucose levels | insulin shock (hypoglycemia) |
| signs and symptoms of diabetic emergencies | changes in level of consciousness, changes in mood, irregular breathing, feeling and looking ill, abnormal skin appearance, dizziness and headache |
| emergency care for diabetic emergencies: Victim is awake, can follow simple commands, can swallow and advise you that they need sugar | Give 15 to 20 mg of sugar, handful of candies or a non-diet soft drink Repeat administration of sugar if symptoms persist for more than 10 to 15 minutes |
| emergency care for diabetic emergencies: Call 9-1-1 or designated emergency number if victim is | Unresponsive and breathing normally Responsive but not fully awake Unable to swallow or follow simple commands Does not feel better 10 to 15 minutes after taking some form of sugar Cannot find any form of sugar immediately |
| MOI: bleeding inside body due to blunt or penetrating trauma; restlessness, cold, clammy skin, weak, rapid pulse, rapid bleeding, low blood pressure, excessive thirst, altered level of consciousness, area is tender, swollen, rigid, discolored or bruised | internal bleeding |
| emergency care for internal bleeding | Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number Monitor airway and cervical spine, breathing, circulation and disability Treat for shock |
| MOI: loss of electrical activity in brain due to injury, fever, infection, metabolic disturbances or conditions that decrease oxygen levels | seizures |
| signs and symptoms of seizures | aura (unusual sensation or feeling), febrile seizures (rapid rise in temperature), change in level of consciousness, rhythmic jerking of head and limbs, becoming rigid, holding breath, upward rolling of eyes |
| emergency care for seizures | Never place anything in victim’s mouth, Do not stop seizure, Protect victim during seizure (moving furniture away from person), Place victim in recovery position after seizure, Activate EMS (Rep. seizures, Injury. First seizure, unconscious) |
| MOI: disruption of blood flow to brain (thrombus - clot in blood vessel, embolus - blockage of blood vessel by clot, fat or air, aneurysm - weak area in artery walls that balloons out or ruptures) | stroke |
| signs and symptoms of stroke | ill, abnormal behavior, sudden weakness or numbness in face, arm or leg, difficulty talking, facial droop or drooling, disturbed or lost vision, sudden severe, headache, dizziness, confusion, agitation, unresponsiveness, loss of balance or coordination |
| Emergency care for stroke | Call EMS, Note time of onset signs and symptoms,, Maintain open airway if unconscious, Place in recovery position, Care for LT/NTLCs, Comfort and reassure victim, Have them rest in a comfortable position, Do not give food or drinks |
| MOI: partial or complete loss of consciousness caused by temp. insuff. blood flow to brain triggered by emotionally stressful events, standing for long periods of time, suddenly changing positions, irregular or rapid heartbeat | fainting |
| signs and symptoms of fainting | lightheaded or dizzy, pale, cool, moist skin, numbness, tingling in fingers/toes, sweating, unresponsiveness, collapsing, rapid or irregular heartbeat |
| emergency care for fainting | Lower victim to ground on back, Raise legs with a pillow or folded clothing if no injury, Loosen tight clothing, Check for breathing, roll them onto their side in a recovery position if they vomit, Treat for shock, If quick recovery, no need to call EMS |
| MOI: injects venom or disease into human body; severity depends on amount of venom and person's sensitivity to venom | bites |
| signs and symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (wood or dog ticks) | fever, nausea/vomiting, muscle aches or pain, lack of appetite, severe headache, spotted rash, abdominal pain, joint pain, diarrhea |
| signs and symptoms of Lyme Disease (deer and black-legged ticks) | warm, painful bull’s eye rash, fever, headache, weakness, joint and muscle pain, tingling and numbness in fingers and toes, long or short-term memory loss, dizziness, problems seeing or hearing |
| Emergency care for tick bites | Remove tick with tweezers, Do not burn or apply petroleum jelly or nail polish to it, Place it in jar with rubbing alcohol to kill it. Wash bite site with soap and water, Apply antiseptic or antibiotic ointment, Wash hands, Seek healthcare provider |
| signs and symptoms of Zika and West Nile Virus and emergency care | fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis; fever, aches, high fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, vision loss, numbness, paralysis, encephalitis; seek medical attention immediately |
| signs and symptoms of black widow bite | sharp pinprick and dull pain, rigid muscles in shoulders, chest, back and abdomen, anxiety, dizziness, headache, excessive sweating, weakness, drooping or swelling of eyelids |
| signs and symptoms of brown recluse spider bite | pain, blood-filled blister |
| general signs and symptoms of spider bites and scorpion stings | mark indicating possible bite, severe pain in bite area, Redness and itching at bite site, Blister, lesion or swelling, Hives or other signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, Nausea/vomiting, stiff or painful joints, chills or fever |
| emergency care for general spider bites and scorpion stings | Activate EMS or national Poison Help Line Wash site with soap and water Apply cold pack Seek medical attention Elevate bitten area and keep it still |
| signs and symptoms of marine stings | red, raised or purplish rash, tentacles stuck to skin, puncture wounds, pain or itching, swelling, anaphylaxis |
| emergency care for marine stings part 1: activate EMS if ___, then | person does not know what stung them, has a history of allergic reactions to marine-life stings, stung on face or neck, trouble breathing Get lifeguard to remove person from the water or use a reaching assist |
| emergency care for marine stings part 2 | Avoid touching person with bare hands, Use gloves or towels to remove tentacles and scrape away remaining tentacles with a credit card or shell, irrigate injured part with large amounts of seawater for 30 seconds |
| Emergency care for marine stings part 3 | Don't rub wound or apply a pressure immobilization bandage, aluminum sulfate, or meat tenderizer, hot-water immersion. Apply lidocaine gel or cream for persistent pain, flush wound with tap water, keep injured part still |
| emergency care for marine stings part 4 | soak wound in non-scalding hot water or hot sand for 20 minutes, clean wound and apply a bandage, Monitor for infection, Check with healthcare provider for a tetanus shot or additional care |
| MOI: body's ability to dissipate heat is impaired | hyperthermia |
| loss of fluid and salt from heavy sweating in warm temps; develop rapidly, severe muscle contractions, moist skin | heat cramps |
| emergency care for heat cramps | Have victim rest in cool place Gently stretch muscles Apply gentle pressure to muscles Replace fluids with water or drinks containing electrolytes or carbohydrates |
| fluid loss (perspiration in hot, humid environment in heavy clothes); cool, pale, clammy or slightly flushed skin, fatigue, headache, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, dehydration, dizziness, fainting, elevated heart and respiratory rate, muscle cramps | heat exhaustion |
| emergency care for heat exhaustion | Rest in cool place. Loosen or remove clothing, Apply and remoisten cool, wet cloths, Replace fluids, rest in comfortable position, Monitor changes in condition |
| emergency care for heat exhaustion: activate EMS if | Altered level of consciousness, Vomit, Refuse fluids Place person in recovery position and do not give them more fluids |
| body systems are overwhelmed by heat and begin to stop functioning; high body temperature (over 106 degrees), red, hot skin, usually dry, change in level of consciousness, rapid, weak pulse and shallow breathing | heat stroke |
| emergency care for heat stroke | Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number If victim vomits, lay them down and try to keep cool Soak towels and cover victim Cold packs to victim’s wrists, neck, ankles Do not use alcohol Monitor vital signs |
| body cannot generate sufficient heat to maintain normal temperature caused by excessive loss of body head and/or body’s inability to produce heat in cold, wet environments compounded by wind, age, medical conditions or alcohol, drugs and poisoning | hypothermia |
| signs and symptoms of hypothermia | shivering, numbness, apathy or decreasing level of consciousness, weakness, glassy stare, impaired judgment, changes in level of consciousness, unresponsiveness |
| emergency care for hypothermia | Call 9-1-1 or DE# Move person into warmer environment If unresponsive and not breathing normally, perform CPR and use an AED Remove any wet clothing Gradually warm body Give victim warm liquids if conscious Monitor vital signs |
| body tissues in fingers, toes, ears and nose freeze depending on air temperature, length of exposure and wind; lack of feeling in affected area, swelling, skin feels waxy, cold and is discolored | frostbite |
| emergency care for frostbite | Remove person from cold environment Do not rub affected area Rewarm in 100–105-degree water Bandage with dry, clean dressing Do not let victim walk on feet until feeling |
| injury to skin or other body tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation | burn |
| burnt epidermis, red, dry, painful skin, swelling | superficial burn |
| burnt epidermis and dermis, red, mottled, painful skin, blisters, swelling | partial thickness burn |
| burnt epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, brown, black, charred skin, white tissue, painful or painless | full thickness burn |
| emergency care for burns | Rinse with large amounts of cold water Do not use ointments on burn Cover with dry sterile dressings |
| Call 9-1-1 or designated emergency for critical burns | trouble breathing, burns cover multiple body parts, suspected burns to airway, burns to head, face, neck, hands, feet or genitals, burn resulting from chemicals, explosions, lightning or electricity |
Created by:
alumesi