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Ameena McCoullum

Physiology Weeks 7-13

TermDefinition
Neuron A nerve cell that sends and receives electrical messages
Action Potential A rapid electrical signal that travels down the neuron when it fires
Synapse The junction where a neuron communicates with another cell using chemical messengers
Neurotransmitter A chemical that crosses the synapse to deliver a signal to the next cell
Myelin Sheath Fatty insulation around axons that speeds up nerve impulses
Central Nervous Systems (CNS) Brain and spinal cord; main control center for the body
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) all nerves outside the CNS that relay information to and from the body.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Controls involuntary actions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
Sympathetic Division "Fight or Flight" brand increases alertness and energy.
Parasympathetic Division "Rest and digest" branch the conserves energy and supports digestion.
Receptor Specialized cell that detects stimuli like light, touch, or chemicals.
Hormone A chemical messenger released into the blood to regulate body functions.
Pituitary Gland The "master gland" that controls many other endocrine glands
Retina Light-sensitive layer in the eye where visual signals start.
Cochlea Inner-ear structure that convert sound waves into nerve signals
Cardiac Cycle One heartbeat includes contraction(Systole and relaxation (Diastole).
SA Node The heart's natural pacemaker that starts each heartbeat.
Stroke Volume The amount of blood pumped out with each beat.
Red Blood Cells (RBC) Carries oxygen using hemoglobin
Platelets Cell fragments that help blood clot.
Lymph Fluid that carries immune cells and drains into the bloodstream.
Lymph Node Filters lymph and helps activate immune responses
Antigen Any foreign substance that triggers an immune response
Antobidy A protein that binds to and helps destroy specific antigens
T Cells Immune cells that attach infected or abnormal cells.
Alveoli Tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Diaphragm Main breathing muscles that creates pressure changes in the lungs
Ventilation Movement of air in and out of the lungs
External Respiration Gas Exchange between alveoli and blood
Hemoglobin Protein in RBCs that carries oxygen
Peristalsis Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the GI tract.
Enzyme A protein that speeds up digestion of nutrients
Small intestine Main site where nutrients are absorbed into the blood
Villi & Microvilli Tiny folds that increase absorption surface area.
Liver Produces bile to help digest fats and processes nutrients
Created by: amccoullum
 

 



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