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Melissa Beadle
Anatomy week 6-12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prime mover | A muscle that directly performs a specific movement |
| Antagonist | Muscles that when contracting directly oppose prime movers |
| Muscles of masticaton | The muscles that are responsible for chewing movements. They either elevate or retract the mandible or open and protrude it while causing sideways movement |
| Upper extremity muscles | The muscles of the upper extremity include those acting on the shoulder or pectoral girdle and muscles located in the arm, forearm and hand |
| Pectoralis minor | Pulls the shoulder donw and forward; can also pull ribs upward |
| Latissimus dorsi | Extends the arm; adducts arm posteriorly |
| Triceps brachii | Extends the lower arm |
| Supinator | Supinates the forearm |
| Tenosynovitis | Inflammation of the tendon sheath |
| Central nervous system | The structural and functional center of the nervous system. It consists of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Five types of Glia | 1. Astrocytes 2. Microglia 3. Ependymal cells 4. Oligodendrocytes 5. Schwann cells |
| Neurofibromatosis | A group of genetic diseases often characterized by numerous fibrous neuromas and skin spots throughout the body. |
| Conus medullaris | A tapered cone where the spinal cord ends at vertebra L1 |
| Six major divisions of the brain | Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, diencephalon and cerebrum |
| Reticular activating system (RAS) | consists of centers of the brainstem's reticular formation that receive impulses from the spinal cord and relay them to the thalamus and to all parts of the cerebral cortex. |
| Myotome | A skeletal muscle or group of muscles that receives motor axons from a given spinal nerve. |
| Trigeminal neuralgia or tic douloureux | A condition that is characterized by recurring episodes of intense stabbing pain radiating from the angle of the jaw along a branch of the trigeminal nerve on one side of the face. |
| Reflex | The action that results from a nerve impulse passing over a reflex arc. |
| Autonomic Nervous system | A subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary effectors. |
| Pharmacology | The study of drug actions |
| Adaptation | The process by which the magnitude of the receptor potential decreases over time in response to a continuous stimulus |
| Lamellar corpuscles | Large mechanoreceptors which when sectioned show thick laminated connective tissue capsules |
| Taste buds | Sense organs that respond to gustatory/ taste stimuli |
| Dynamic equilibrium | A function needed to maintain balance when the head or body itself is rotated or suddenly moved |
| Hypersecretion | Production of too much hormone by a diseased gland |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone/ Thyrotropin | Promotes and maintains growth and development of the thyroid |
| Gonadocorticoids | Sex hormones that are released from the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex |
| Formed Elements | These are used to designate the various kinds of blood cells and cell fragments (platelets) that are normally present in blood. |
| Artery | Vessel that carries blood away from the heart. |
| Electrical conduction system of the heart | 1. Sinoatrial (SA) Node 2. Atrioventricular (AV) Node 3. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle ( Bundle of his) 4. Subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers) |
| Arterioles | Smallest arteries |
| Sinusoid | A type of capillary that has a much larger lumen and more winding course than other capillary vessels |
| Capillary exchange | The exchange of materials between plasma in the capillaries and the surrounding interstitial fluid of the systemic tissues. |
| Lymph nodes | Fibrous capsule surrounding a maze of sinuses, each with lymphoid tissue nodule suspended by reticular fibers |
| Natural Killer (NK) Cells | Group of lymphocytes that kill many different types of cancer cells and virus-infected cells. |
| Phagocytosis | The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles |
| Complement | The name given to each of a group of about 20 inactive enzymes in the plasma and on cell surfaces. |
| Cytokines | The chemical messengers released by T-cells |
| Trachea | A tube of approximately 11cm (4.5 inches) long. It extends from the larynx in the neck to the primary bronchi in the thoracic cavity. |
| Respiratory Membrane | The barrier across which gases are exchanged between alveolar air and blood |
Created by:
Melissa Beadle