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greek vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Knossos | city in ancient Crete, the principle center of Minoan civilization |
| shrine | alter, chapel, or other sacred place |
| fresco | colorful painting completed on wet plaster |
| Trojan War | military conflict around 1250 B.C. between Mycenae and troy, a rich trading city in present day turkey, described in homer's epic poems the illiad and the odyssey |
| strait | narrow water passage |
| Homer | Poet who lived around 750 B.C. Who wrote the iliad and the odyssey |
| polis | city state in ancient Greece |
| acropolis | highest and most fortified point within a Greek city state |
| Citizen | a native or resident of a town or city |
| monarchy | government in which a king or queen exercises central power |
| aristocracy | government headed by a privileged minority or upper class |
| oligarchy | government in which ruling power belongs to a few people |
| phalanx | in ancient Greece, a massive tactical formation of armed forces |
| Sparta | city state in ancient Greece settled by the dorians and built as a military state |
| Athens | city state in ancient Greece that evolved from a monarchy to a limited direct democracy and became famous of its great cultural achievements |
| Democracy | government in which the people hold ruling power |
| tyrant | in ancient Greece, a ruler who gained power by force |
| legislature | lawmaking body |
| alliance | formal agreement between 2 or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense |
| direct democracy | system of government in which citizens participate directly in the day to day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives |
| stipend | a fixed salary given to public office holders |
| jury | group of people with authority to make a decision in a legal case |
| ostracism | practice used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy |
| Pericles | under his statesmen ship the economy of Athens thrived and became more democratic because of his wise leadership |
| philosopher | someone who seeks to understand and explain life; a person who studies philosophy |
| logic | rational thinking |
| rhetoric | art of skillful speaking |
| Parthenon | the chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the acropolis in Athens, Greece |
| tragedy | in ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster |
| comedy | in ancient Greece, play that mocked people or social customs |
| Socrates | an Athenian stone mason and philosopher who was an outspoken critic of sophists |
| Plato | Student of Socrates who set up "the Academy" and resented Athenian democracy after the execution of Socrates. |
| Aristotle | Plato's most famous student who was also suspicious of democracy, and had his own ideas about government |
| Herodotus | the "father of history" who wrote "the Persian war" after visiting many lands and people who lived through/remembered the actual events he was writing about |
| assassination | murder of a public figure usually for political reasons |
| assimilate | absorb or adopt another culture |
| Alexandria | Alexandria, founded in 332 B.C. by Alexander the great, became one of the greatest cities of the Mediterranean |
| heliocentric | based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe |
| Alexander the great | son of Philip the 2nd who shared his fathers ambitions, and organized enough men for the conquest of Persia, he was able to take most of the Persian empire and parts of India |
| Philip the 2nd | Ruler of Macedonia, who through threats, bribery, and diplomacy he formed allies with Greek city states and conquered others before defeating Athens and Thebes allowing him to bring all of Greece under his control |
| Pythagoras | derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle |
| Archimedes | famous Hellenistic scientist who applied the principles of physics to create practical inventions. He devised machines of war to defend his home town from roman attack and invented the Archimedes screw |
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