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Chapter 13 Test
AP Gov
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happens to most bills that are introduced? | Don't become law, dies in committee |
| What are key factors of Federalist 51? | Written by James Madison Arguments are made for the structure of the U.S. government as a defense against tyranny. The core ideas are the separation of powers, the system of checks and balances, and the role of a large republic in controlling factions. |
| House Appropriations Committee (functions) | Drafting appropriations bills Reviewing the president's budget Setting the federal budget Overseeing federal spending Dividing the work |
| House Ways and Means Committee | Chief tax-writing committee in the House. Responsible for writing legislation on revenue-raising matters, like taxes and tariffs. Jurisdiction extends to other significant programs: Social Security, Medicare, unemployment insurance, and trade agreements. |
| House Rules Committee | This committee determines the rules for how bills are debated and voted on the House floor, including how much time is allotted for debate, what amendments can be offered, and which bills get to the floor for a vote. |
| Senate Judiciary committee | Oversees the Department of Justice, considers and approves or rejects federal judicial and executive nominations, and handles legislation related to the federal judiciary, civil liberties, constitutional amendments, and other justice-related issues. |
| How were senators and representatives elected during the time of the original constitution (before amendments)? | Senators were elected by state legislatures and representatives were elected by popular vote within their congressional districts. |
| Predictor of the outcome of an election | Getting seats back |
| Job of the personal staff of congressional members | Primary role is to help the member function by handling daily tasks like scheduling, responding to constituent mail and inquiries, managing press relations, and conducting research to inform member's legislative decisions. |
| How the senate schedules legislation (calendar) vs how the house schedules | Steering Committee made up of majority and minority powers (senate) Rules committee (house) |
| Importance of a markup session | Mold and shape the bills Where a bill is most influenced and changed is in a markup session |
| Why was a bicameral legislature was created? | To balance the competing interests of large and small states and to incorporate a system of checks and balances within the legislative branch itself |
| Role of a committee chairperson | Leading meetings, setting agendas, and ensuring the committee meets its goals |
| What are the major differences between the house and senate in the legislative process | House - structured, faster-moving, majority based leadership (sets the agenda) Senate is deliberative and slower.Individual senators have power to delay bills (filibuster) House originates revenue bills. Senate approves treaties & presidential nominations |
| What are the three types of behaviors of voters? | Representational Explanation, Organizational Explanation, and the Attitudinal Explanation |
| Representational Explanation | Legislators vote in ways that appeal to constituents bc they want to be reelected. Best when public opinion is clear and voters are likely to notice the legislator’s stance. Explanation is limited bc public opinion is often divided on issues Congress cons |
| Organizational Explanation | Legislators often prioritize approval from colleagues over constituents, relying on party cues when voter interests aren’t strong or clear. |
| Attitudinal Explanation | Legislators face conflicting pressures that often cancel out, allowing them to vote based on their own beliefs—an effect heightened by Congress’s growing ideological polarization. |
| What happens in the cloture rule | The cloture rule is a procedure used by the Senate to end or limit debate on a bill or other matter, thus overcoming a filibuster. To invoke cloture, three-fifths of all senators present and voting must agree to the cloture motion. |
| What are the powers of the rules committee? | Schedule legislation Determine how long someone can talk Mark up during session Or voted right there and then Who gets recognized first Whether legislation is passed or not |
| Where is most of the work in congress done? | In committees |
| How do the rules between the house and senate differ? | The House uses centralized rules and strong leadership to manage its large size, while the smaller Senate allows unlimited debate, giving individual senators more power and enabling filibusters that require a supermajority (cloture) to end. |
| Who is allowed to introduce a bill? | Members of Congress |
| Shaw v Reno (1993) | NC residents challenged redistricting plan that created oddly shaped, majority-Black districts. Ruled irregular shape suggested racial segregation. Allowing challenge under the EP Clause, and held that race-based districting is unconstitutional. |
| Baker v Carr (1962) | Tennessee’s districts hadn’t been updated for decades, leaving urban voters underrepresented. Urban residents sued, and the Supreme Court ruled that unequal apportionment violates equal protection and that federal courts can review such cases. |
| Who draws the district congressional lines? | State legislators |
| What are the powers of the speaker? | This person wields major power by controlling who speaks on the floor, ruling on motions, assigning bills to committees, deciding which bills get votes, appointing members to special committees, and influencing the Rules Committee. |
| What is the difference between standing and sub committees? | A standing committee is a permanent legislative panel, while subcommittees are smaller units within it that focus on specific areas, helping streamline work and build member expertise. |
| Reapportionment | The process of redistributing the 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives among the 50 states after each 10-year census, based on changes in state populations. |
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destinymcd8