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Physics

Ch 1

QuestionAnswer
What is the primary purpose of x-rays? X-rays are used for medical imaging to visualize internal structures of the body.
Define radiography. The process of producing images of the internal structures of the body using x-rays.
What is ionizing radiation? Radiation with enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.
List three types of ionizing radiation. Alpha particles; beta particles; x-rays/gamma rays.
What is the difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation? Ionizing radiation can remove electrons from atoms; non-ionizing radiation cannot.
Define exposure. Exposure measures the ionization produced in air by x-rays or gamma rays.
What is the SI unit of exposure? Coulomb per kilogram (C/kg).
Define absorbed dose. The energy deposited per unit mass of tissue by radiation.
What is the SI unit of absorbed dose? Gray (Gy).
Define equivalent dose. A measure of the biological effect of radiation on human tissue, accounting for radiation type.
What is the SI unit of equivalent dose? Sievert (Sv).
Define effective dose. The sum of weighted equivalent doses for all tissues, reflecting overall whole-body risk.
What is natural background radiation? Radiation from cosmic rays, terrestrial sources, and naturally occurring radioisotopes.
List three artificial sources of radiation. Medical x-rays; nuclear power; industrial radiation sources.
Which type of radiation contributes most to occupational exposure in radiography? X-rays from imaging procedures.
Define ALARA. "As Low As Reasonably Achievable"—the principle of minimizing radiation exposure.
Name two ways to protect patients from unnecessary radiation. Use proper shielding; optimize exposure parameters.
Define deterministic effect. A radiation effect with a threshold where severity increases with dose (e.g., skin erythema).
Define stochastic effect. A random radiation effect without a threshold; probability increases with dose (e.g., cancer).
What is the primary difference between deterministic and stochastic effects? Deterministic effects have a threshold and severity increases with dose; stochastic effects have no threshold and probability increases with dose.
Name three examples of deterministic effects. Skin erythema; cataract formation; radiation burns.
Name two examples of stochastic effects. Cancer; genetic mutations.
What is the purpose of radiation protection in radiography? To minimize exposure while maintaining diagnostic image quality.
What are the three basic principles of radiation protection? Time; distance; shielding.
How does time affect radiation exposure? Reducing time near a source reduces exposure.
How does distance affect radiation exposure? Exposure decreases with the square of the distance (inverse square law).
How does shielding affect radiation exposure? Lead or equivalent barriers absorb radiation and reduce exposure.
Define occupational dose limit. The maximum radiation dose allowed for workers as set by regulatory agencies.
What is the recommended annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure? 50 mSv per year.
What is the recommended annual effective dose limit for the general public? 1 mSv per year.
Why is it important to monitor occupational exposure? To ensure doses remain within safe limits and prevent health effects.
Name one device used for personal radiation monitoring. Film badge; TLD; electronic dosimeter.
Define quality control in radiography. Procedures ensuring equipment works properly and produces safe, high-quality images.
Created by: user-1983814
 

 



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