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EVR 3085 Final
EVR 3085
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| wicked problems | problems often seem intractable and resistant to solution |
| sustainability science | research and education that result in new knowledge, technology, innovation, and holistic understanding which will allow societies to better address global and local sustainability challenges. |
| Epistemology | How we know what we know, and what we can regard as acceptable knowledge |
| Perspective | researchers will try and conduct their research by using a framework of ideas which links together all the different aspects of their approach |
| Coherence | research is assessed in terms of the extent to which the range of concepts used will fit together into a unified framework, or whether the data collection and analysis procedures constitute a logical whole |
| Paradigm | alternative to perspective; indicate a broad conceptual framework within which we can conduct research and analysis issues |
| Pure research | the research will be less concerned with particular contexts or situations, and more focused on trying to understand the basic principles which are operating, and which will apply in many different situations |
| Applied Research | research, which is related to a practical situation, perhaps to try and resolve a practical issue |
| five processes of research planning | define research question, Apply creativity to develop research ideas, Ensuring proposed research has relevance to prior scientific knowledge, Ensuring proposed research technically feasible and completed with available resources, conclusion |
| Identify good research question | imagination, investigation, comparison, deduction |
| purpose of the scientific method | to place the subjective process of developing new ideas into a logical framework of challenge and questioning to develop objective knowledge. |
| Method | Specific procedures or techniques used to collect data; Part of the bigger picture |
| Methodology | A system of techniques of investigation, methods for applying the techniques, and general principles for how the methods should be used in scientific inquiry; Big picture look on how you will answer the questions |
| proposition | a statement of logically linked concepts about what is known and what is to be investigated |
| axiom | propositions that we accept as true |
| overarching axiom | fundamental propositions which state broad assumptions of a theory, cannot be challenged by a single investigation ex) mature sockeye salmon migrate form the ocean to fresh water and spawn (continue research to find more specific details) |
| postulate | conjecture written in the form of a statement |
| overarching postulate | general questions in propositional form; cannot be addressed in a single study ex) the primary control of trophic interactions in ecological systems is resources |
| concept | any object or idea to which we can give a name and define, and so, enable things to be understood in a particular way ex) migration is a long-range movement of animals |
| objective knowledge | knowledge that has been researched and then scrutinized by, and debated among, scientists. Such knowledge is independent of a single person, and therefore not subjective. |
| data statements | defines the scientific procedure to be used in investigating a postulate. specifies the measurements to be made for each concept of a postulate |
| required qualities of a measurement (accurate, precise, effective) | accurate: is it measured well and without bias precise: are measurements repeatable with low variance effective: is the concept represented completely? is the right thing measured |
| holding concept | expresses the existence of a phenomenon or relationship without defining it sufficiently to be the subject of practical research |
| gold standard for literature research | The most important sources to find are current academic papers from people who are involved in the same research field, although you should still be aware of possible bias. |
| observer drift | gradual changes over a period of time by a particular observer in his or her application of criteria for recording or scoring observations |
| main actor | what main group or subject are you focusing on, does not have to be a person |
| primary subject | what is it about your main actor that you are most interested in, Dependent variable |
| influencing aspect | what aspect of your primary subject are you most interested in, Independent variable |
| independent variable | the influencing aspect of your research |
| dependent variable | the primary subject |
| qualitative data | Qualitative research explores attitudes, behaviors, and experiences through such methods as interviews or focus groups |
| quantitative data | Quantitative research generates statistics through the use of large-scale survey research, using methods such as questionnaires or structured interviews |
| triangulation | Combining both qualitative and quantitative research. This is a good technique as it allows you to counteract the weaknesses in both research methods. |
| focus group | form of qualitative interviewing that uses a researcher-led group discussion to generate data |
| textual analysis | method of data analysis that closely examines either the content and meaning of texts or their structure and discourse |
| open-ended questionnaire | used in qualitative research and leaves blank spaces for participants to fill in their own answers |
| closed-ended questionnaire | used to generate statistics in quantitative research, follow a set format and most can be scanned straight into a computer |
| structured | frequently used in market research, used in quantitative research and can be conducted face-to-face, or over technology |
| semi-structured | most common type of interview used in qualitative social research; the researcher wants to know specific information which can be compared and contrasted with information gained in other interviews |
| unstructured | favored approach for life history research, the researcher attempts to achieve a holistic understanding of the interviewees point of view or situation |
| mixed-methods research | gathers both quantitative and qualitative data to help strengthen and further demonstrate an idea or research proposal |
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