List the steps of synaptic transmission.

During synaptic transmission, an action potential arrives, calcium enters, neurotransmitter is released, crosses the synapse, binds to receptors, triggers a response, and is then removed.

State the principle of final common path as it applies to the somatic motor nervous system.

All signals controlling a skeletal muscle must pass through the single lower motor neuron that directly innervates that muscle.

Name the responses that occur in the fight-or-flight reaction.

In the fight-or-flight reaction, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, blood glucose, and sweating increase while pupils dilate and digestion decreases.

Name the receptors associated with pain, touch, pressure, and stretch responses.

The receptors are nociceptors for pain, tactile receptors for touch, Pacinian corpuscles for pressure, and muscle spindles for stretch.

Why are PGs considered to be important in clinical applications?

PGs matter clinically because they regulate pain, inflammation, fever, clotting, and smooth-muscle activity, making them major drug targets.

How does the pineal gland adjust the body’s biological clock?

The pineal gland adjusts the body’s biological clock by releasing melatonin in response to darkness, helping regulate sleep–wake cycles.

State the primary principle of circulation.

Blood flows from high pressure to low pressure.

What determines the direction in which oxygen will diffuse across the respiratory membrane?

Oxygen diffuses toward the area with the lower oxygen partial pressure.

How does blood pressure affect filtration in the kidney?

Higher blood pressure increases filtration; lower blood pressure decreases it.

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Victoria Crump

Physiology Weeks 7-13


Name the fluid portion of whole blood.	Plasma.
List the steps of synaptic transmission.	During synaptic transmission, an action potential arrives, calcium enters, neurotransmitter is released, crosses the synapse, binds to receptors, triggers a response, and is then removed.
State the principle of final common path as it applies to the somatic motor nervous system.	All signals controlling a skeletal muscle must pass through the single lower motor neuron that directly innervates that muscle.
Name the responses that occur in the fight-or-flight reaction.	In the fight-or-flight reaction, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, blood glucose, and sweating increase while pupils dilate and digestion decreases.
Name the receptors associated with pain, touch, pressure, and stretch responses.	The receptors are nociceptors for pain, tactile receptors for touch, Pacinian corpuscles for pressure, and muscle spindles for stretch.
Why are PGs considered to be important in clinical applications?	PGs matter clinically because they regulate pain, inflammation, fever, clotting, and smooth-muscle activity, making them major drug targets.
How does the pineal gland adjust the body’s biological clock?	The pineal gland adjusts the body’s biological clock by releasing melatonin in response to darkness, helping regulate sleep–wake cycles.
Which gland produces a hormone that regulates the development of cells important to the immune system?	The thymus.
State the primary principle of circulation.	Blood flows from high pressure to low pressure.
What determines the direction in which oxygen will diffuse across the respiratory membrane?	Oxygen diffuses toward the area with the lower oxygen partial pressure.
How does blood pressure affect filtration in the kidney?	Higher blood pressure increases filtration; lower blood pressure decreases it.

Created by: user-1989083

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