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MEGA NUR140
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nagels rule | Using the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP), subract 3 months, and add 7 days and one year |
| BMIs of pregnant women | - Healthy women with normal BMI: 25-35 lb - Underweight women (BMI < 25): 28-40 lb - Overweight women (BMI >25): 15-25 lb - Obese women (BMI > 30): 11-20 lb |
| 4 stages of labor | Dilation stage - Onset labor to complete cervix dilation - Three stages: latent, active, transition Pushing stage Placental stage Recovery stage - First 4 hours after childbirth; physiological and psychological adjustments14 |
| Apgar score | a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth - Color, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration |
| Calories increased during pregnancy | 300 |
| Nutrition - Infants/toddlers | - Breastfeeding (first 6-12 months) - Introducing solid foods - can they sit up/control neck? |
| Nursing role | Primary role - provide the family with education - Assess, educate, treat - screenings/secondary prevention |
| Immunizations 2 months | - Dose 2 Hep B - Dose 1 DTAP - Dose 1 HIB - Dose 1 IPV - Dose 1 RV - Dose 1 PCV13 |
| Immunizations 12 months | - Dose 3 Hep B - Dose 3/4 HIB - Dose 3 IPV - Dose 4 PCV13 - Flu - Dose 1 MMR - Dose 1 Varicella - Dose 1-2 Hep A - Covid |
| SIDS | - No blankets/pillows in bed - Sleep on back - tummy time to avoid flattening of the head |
| Infant language | - Crying/cooing (2-3 months) - Babbling (6 months) |
| Car safety (infants/toddlers) | - Rear facing, front facing (2 years), booster seat (8-12 years) - Children younger than 13 stay in back - Dangerous temperatures occur in 15-30 minutes, check before leaving - Proper car seat restraints |
| Erickson's developmental stages -Infant -Toddler -Preschooler | Infant - trust vs mistrust - Influences future relationships Toddler - autonomy vs shame/doubt Preschooler - initiative vs guilt |
| Erickson's developmental stages | Adolescent - identity vs role confusion - Threats to identity cause mental health problems and rebellion - Future goals/aspirations Young adult - intimacy vs isolation Middle adult - Generativity vs. Stagnation Older adult - Integrity vs. Despair |
| Quality of life | the standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group. |
| Cultural competency | the ability to understand, appreciate, and interact with persons from cultures different from our own |
| Beneficience | Doing good and reducing harm |
| Reflexology | Based on the use of reflex points located throughout the hands, feet, and head that are linked to other parts of the body - relieve pain and promote relaxation |
| Yoga/exercise | - Mind/body therapy - Movement integrates spirituality - Better sleep, relaxation, mindfulness - Improves flexibility, coordination, calm, less fall risk |
| Nutrition/calories for a preschooler | - Reasonable caloric restriction - two or more portions of vegetables and fruit totaling 3-4cups daily |
| Nightmares vs Night terrors | Night terrors: not fully awake; no recall of incident in am• Nightmares : frightening dreams, can describe and recall - Having a stuffed animal may help |
| Sleep rituals (Preschool) | - 8-12 hours of sleep - Prolonged bedtime routines - Honor reasonable rituals - Be firm and consistent |
| Syndromes (adolescents) Female | Turner - Female XX - SHORT STATURE, - WEBBED NECK, - LOW-SET EARS, - LACK OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT, - CARDIAC/RENAL ANOMALIES, - LEARNING DISABILITIES - HORMONAL THERAPY, INFERTILE |
| Syndromes (adolescents) Male | Klinefelter - Male XY - TALL, THIN, - LACK OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT, - GYNECOMASTIA, - LEARNING/BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS - HORMONAL THERAPY, STERILE |
| Eating disorders | ANOREXIA NERVOSA - DISTORTED BODY IMAGE• BULIMIA NERVOSA - HIGH CALORIE INTAKE THEN PURGE• BINGE EATING DISORDER - NO PURGING COMPONENT |
| Piaget stages | Sensorimotor - 0-2 - Learning through senses, object permanence Preoperational - 2-7 - Symbolic play, egocentrism, no conservation Concrete Operational - 7-11 - Logical thinking, conservation Formal Operational - 12+ - Abstract thinking |
| POCD | -post operative cognitive dysfunction -decline in patient's cognitive function for weeks or months after surgery -almost exclusively seen in older surgical patients |
| Activity levels (developmental stages) -Infant -Toddler -Preschooler | - Infant - moving, turning over - Toddler - walking/running/playing - Preschool - parallel play, running |
| Activity levels (developmental stages) -Adolescent -Young adult -Middle adult -Older adult | - Adolescent - sports, playing with friends - Young adult - gym/walking + weight training - Middle adult - gym/walking + weight training - Older adult - walking + weight training |
| Number 1 cause of death (developmental stages) -Infant -Toddler -Preschooler | - Infant - falls, burns, choking - Toddler - motor vehicle injury - Preschool - injuries (MVA, furniture, weapons) |
| Number 1 cause of death (developmental stages) -Adolescent -Young adult -Middle adult -Older adult | - Adolescent - Injuries/suicide - Young adult - unintentional injuries (accidents), suicide, homicides - Middle-aged adult - heart disease or cancer - Older adult - heart disease or cancer |
| Bandura's social learning theory | Emphasizing learning through observation, vicarious learning, and modeling |
| Binge drinking | Binge drinking very prevalent especially in college - 5 + drinks in 2 h for males - 4+ for females - Alcohol-related accidents are a high cause of death - liver/heart/cancers |
| Glaucoma | increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision |
| Cataracts | Increased opacity of the lense, less vision |
| Macular degeneration | deterioration of retina |
| Osteoporosis | A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily. - combatted with weight training - more common in women - menopause lowers hormones and causes low bone density |
| Perimenopausal | period before menopause where decreased estrogen levels cause decreased vaginal lubrication, mood swings, and a decrease in sex drive |
| Life expectancy | 78-79 - how long on average a person is expected to live |
| Social determinants of health | Multiple environmental factors that influence our health |
| Health disparities | preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations |
| Benefits of exercise | - Improves sleep - Better cognition/mental health - physcial fittness |
| Hearing loss | loss 1 in 3 people (65-74) - 1 in 2 (> 74 - Presbycusis: progressive sensorineural hearing lossassociated with aging - Miscommunication, loss self-esteem,depression, falls, safety risk, cognitive decline12 |
| Dementia | chronic or progressive - not normal aging - Multi-infarct dementia: death of brain tissue - Alzheimer's disease: no cure but meds to treat |
| Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Memory loss - language difficulties - Impaired judgment/reasoning |
| Reminiscence therapy | Provide substantial psychosocial health benefits - Participants discuss memories often w reflection - Helps memory and recall; aids depression - Individually or in groups; also can be via writing |
| Kohlberg theory of moral development (stages) Level I: Preconventional | - Stage 1: Obedience & Punishment - Stage 2: Individualism & Exchange (Instrumental Relativist) |
| Kohlberg theory of moral development (stages) Level II: Conventional | - Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships ("Good Boy/Good Girl") - Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order (Law & Order) |
| Kohlberg theory of moral development (stages) Level III: Postconventional | - Stage 5: Social Contract - Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles |
| Kohlberg theory of moral development (ages) | Preschool - stage 1/2 School age - stage 2/3 Adolescent - stage 3/4/5 Rest - 4/5/6 |
| Transtheoretical model of change | Precontemplation—not considering change. Contemplation—considering changePlanning and preparation—planning change Action—implementing change Maintenance—maintaining change |
| Life review | the process by which people examine and evaluate their lives - Often in older adults, consider their impact or feel guilt |
| Advanced directive | a legal document prepared by a living, competent adult to provide guidance to the health care team if the individual should become unable to make decisions regarding his or her medical care |
| Living will | a document in which a person states his or her wishes about life support and other treatments |
| Power of Attorney | grants power to a representative of your choosing to legally act and make decisions on your behalf. |
| Gilligans theory | - women have different process of morality - Selfishness vs responsibility to others - Avoid hurting others; careful decision-making |
| Coping with stress (throughout development) -Preschool -Adolescence -Young Adult | Preschool - stuffed animal for sleep/separation Adolescence - depression, suicide (therapy, support system) Young adult - stress about work/responsibilities - suicide, depression |
| Coping with stress (throughout development) -Middle Adult -Older adult | Middle adult - stress about taking care of parents/children - mind/body connection to aid, sleep Older adult - stress about death/caregiving - staying positive vs catastrophizing - depression, low QOL |
| Elimination (older adult) - Incontinence - Bladder doesn't empty fully - Constipation - Issues with GI - self image/body image affected | - Incontinence - Bladder doesn't empty fully - Constipation - Issues with GI - self image/body image affected |
| Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) | 30-point scale; < 23 indicates impairment |
| Obesity | - 39% men, 43% women -Almost 50% of Americans will be obese soon - BMI > 30 - Class 1 - 30-35 - Class 2 - 35-40 - Class 3 - 40+ (morbidly) |
| Senses in young vs old | Preschoolers - Vision: optimal function by age 6 or 7 - farsighted to normal vision - Hearing - Auditory acuity nearly complete by 7 years Older adults - Failing vision, hearing, and sense of taste |
| Empty nest syndrome | the experience that relates to parents' feelings of unhappiness, worry, loneliness, and depression resulting from their children's departure from home |
Created by:
liladdoyle