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History Chapter 27
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| William Westmoreland | commanded US armed forces in South Vietnam (June 1964), persuaded leaders in Washington to increase number of ground troops in Vietnam |
| "general" student strike | |
| Ho Chi Minh Trail | a network of transport paths and roads along the borders of Vietnam, Laos and Cmabodia; way that the Vietcong was sent to the south |
| French Indochina | cambodia, Laos, Vietnam; ruled by France since last 1800s, Japan takes over during the war |
| Operation Rolling Thunder | the first sustained bombing against North Vietnam (Feb 1965) |
| War Powers Act | |
| Students for a Democratic Society | thought large institutions and corporations had taken over America, wanted greater individual freedom, denounces racism and militarism, "participatory democracy" |
| Tet Offensive | holiday in Vietnam where North/Vietcong attacked South Vietnam, wanted to attack to provoke an uprising and persuade US to pull out of Vietnam, attacked cities, military bases, and US embassy in Saigon |
| body counts | tracking the number of Vietcong killed in battle |
| people running in the primaries/general election of 1968 | |
| Vietnamization | gradual replacement of US troops with ARVN troops, all american troops would be out by 1972 |
| Pentagon Papers | revealed that US involvement of Vietnam was greater than the public knew, started when Robert McNamara commissioned study on US activities and policies in Vietnam, Daniel Ellsberg turned it over to New York Times (after he grew to resent war in Vietnam [after previously supporting it]), Nixon considered it an attack on his presidency and his handling of the war |
| Domino Theory | if one nation was conquered by communists, neighboring nations were at risk, and it was the United States obligation to prevent this from occurring |
| ARVN | south Vietnamese army |
| Dien Bien Phu | where French surrendured in May 1954 against Ho Chi Minh |
| Geneva Accords | spring 1954 peace agreement; Vietnam was temporarily divided at the 17th parallel (communists and Ho Chi Minh control the North and Hanoi) (anticommunist Nationalists control the South and Saigon), unifying election to be held in 1956 |
| Fulbright Hearings | televised, govt had to defend Vietnam policies, contributed to growing doubts about the war, led by Senator William Fulbright |
| Credibility Gap | increasing skepticism about what the government told them about the war |
| New Left | student activism group during the Free Speech Movement |
| Robert McNamara | secretary of Defense under JFK and LBJ |
| Clark Clifford | |
| silent majority | refers to a group of citizens assumed to be the majority that did not publicly express their opinions |
| My Lai | town where the My Lai Massacre occured (US army murdered 500 women, children and elders while looking for Vietcong) |
| Henry Kissinger | Nixon's National Security Advisor |
| Khmer Rouge | |
| ways to escape the draft | |
| Tonkin Gulf Resolution | did not declare war, gave LBJ broad military powers in Vietnam (could repel armed aggression and defend South Vietnam) |
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