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Muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| muscle functions: oiiva | origin, insertion, innervation, vascular, action |
| types of muscle tissues | skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| properties of muscle tissue | extensibility, elasticity, exciability, contractability |
| levers | class one: head at the atlas, advntage depends on the location of the fulcrum. class two: standing on your toes, mechanical advantage. class three: elbow flexion, mechanical disadvantage |
| anatomical movements | flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, pronation, supination, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, elevation, depression, circumduction |
| muscle naming | SAD NAILS |
| agonist/ prime mover | responsible for muscle movement (eg. biceps) |
| antagonist | opposes the action of agonist |
| synergist | helps the prime mover |
| fixator | helps the origin of the agonist |
| muscle fiber/ cell | long, multinucleated cell: 1 muscle fiber = length of muscle |
| endomysium | covers the muscle fiber |
| fassicle | bundle of muscle fibers |
| perimysium | covers the fassicle |
| muscle | bundle of fassicles |
| epimysium | covers the muslce |
| sacolemma | plasma membrane wrapping myofibrils |
| myofibrils | long, rod shaped organelles that contain myofilaments |
| myofilaments | actin: thin filament, myosin: thick filament |
| sarcomere | contractile unit |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells - surrond myofilaments, stores and release calcium ions |
| myosin | thick filament - acnhored to the center of the sarcomere (wants to pull) |
| actin | thin filament - achored to the ends of the sarcomere (is the rope) |
| trepanysin | wraps actin, block the myosin binding sites on actin |
| troponin | opens moving sites by moving trepanysin |
| elastic filament/ titin | helps sarcomere retain shape |
| z-disc | at the ends of sarcomere |
| m-line | middle of sarcomere - myomesin that anchor myosin |
| i-band | area only containing actin |
| a-band | area contains myosin and acti |
| h-zone | area contains only myosin |
| parallel | parallel to muscle |
| fussiform | spindle shaped |
| convergent | origin wider than insertion |
| circular sphincter | wrap on opening |
| pennate | short fibers run at an angle from one side of a tendon |
| bipennate | fibers extend from two sides of a central tendon |
| multipennate | fibers extend from one tendon |
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