What is homeostasis, and why is it important for physiological processes?

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. It is crucial for proper functioning of cells and organs, ensuring optimal conditions for biochemical reactions.

Describe the role of the nephron in kidney function.

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and excreting waste as urine. It regulates water balance, electrolyte levels, and blood pressure.

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood. It is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

The ANS regulates involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It has two main branches: the sympathetic (fight or flight response) and the parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to produce energy (ATP) from glucose, yielding more energy and byproducts like carbon dioxide and water. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, producing less energy and byproducts like lactic acid.

How do hormones affect physiological processes?

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, mood, and reproductive processes, by binding to specific receptors on target cells.

Describe the process of muscle contraction.

Muscle contraction occurs when calcium ions bind to troponin, causing a shift in tropomyosin and exposing binding sites on actin.

What is the role of the respiratory system in gas exchange?

The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange by allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled.

Explain the significance of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis.

The endocrine system regulates long-term changes in the body through hormone secretion.

What are the physiological effects of exercise on the body

Exercise increases heart rate, enhances oxygen delivery to muscles, improves cardiovascular fitness, strengthens bones, and promotes the release of endorphins. It also aids in weight management and improves mental health.

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Millicent Ejiogu

Physiology weeks 7-13

Question	Answer
What is homeostasis, and why is it important for physiological processes?	Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. It is crucial for proper functioning of cells and organs, ensuring optimal conditions for biochemical reactions.
Describe the role of the nephron in kidney function.	The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and excreting waste as urine. It regulates water balance, electrolyte levels, and blood pressure.
What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?	The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood. It is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?	The ANS regulates involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It has two main branches: the sympathetic (fight or flight response) and the parasympathetic (rest and digest)
Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration	Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to produce energy (ATP) from glucose, yielding more energy and byproducts like carbon dioxide and water. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, producing less energy and byproducts like lactic acid.
How do hormones affect physiological processes?	Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, mood, and reproductive processes, by binding to specific receptors on target cells.
Describe the process of muscle contraction.	Muscle contraction occurs when calcium ions bind to troponin, causing a shift in tropomyosin and exposing binding sites on actin.
What is the role of the respiratory system in gas exchange?	The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange by allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled.
Explain the significance of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis.	The endocrine system regulates long-term changes in the body through hormone secretion.
What are the physiological effects of exercise on the body	Exercise increases heart rate, enhances oxygen delivery to muscles, improves cardiovascular fitness, strengthens bones, and promotes the release of endorphins. It also aids in weight management and improves mental health.

Created by: Millicent Ejiogu

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