The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal, quiet breathing.

The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible.

What structural change in COPD decreases inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

Loss of alveolar elasticity and air trapping reduce the ability to inhale additional air.

Tiny sac-like structures in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.

Hormone that increases sodium (and therefore water) reabsorption in the distal nephron, increasing blood volume.

What detects changes in blood CO₂ levels and adjusts breathing rate?

Central and peripheral chemoreceptors.

A primary decrease in plasma bicarbonate caused by increased acid production, decreased acid excretion, or loss of bicarbonate.

Which renal structure reabsorbs most bicarbonate filtered from blood?

The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).

Respiratory Alkalosis

A condition caused by excessive ventilation that leads to decreased CO₂ and increased blood pH.

A substance produced by type II alveolar cells that reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse.

Gas exchange between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.

What happens to blood pH when carbon dioxide levels rise?

CO₂ increases → more carbonic acid → more hydrogen ions → pH decreases (acidosis).

The cup-shaped structure in the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate.

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for urine concentration?

The loop of Henle, especially the descending and ascending limbs.

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

A hormone released from the atria that reduces blood volume by increasing sodium and water excretion.

Help

Options

focusNode

Didn't know it?
click below

Knew it?
click below

Don't Know

Remaining cards (0)

Know

retry

shuffle

restart

0:00

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Weeks 7–13 Flashcard

Question	Answer
Tidal Volume (TV)	The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal, quiet breathing.
Vital Capacity (VC)	The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible.
What structural change in COPD decreases inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?	Loss of alveolar elasticity and air trapping reduce the ability to inhale additional air.
Alveoli	Tiny sac-like structures in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.
What hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys by inserting aquaporins?	Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).
Aldosterone	Hormone that increases sodium (and therefore water) reabsorption in the distal nephron, increasing blood volume.
What detects changes in blood CO₂ levels and adjusts breathing rate?	Central and peripheral chemoreceptors.
Metabolic Acidosis	A primary decrease in plasma bicarbonate caused by increased acid production, decreased acid excretion, or loss of bicarbonate.
Which renal structure reabsorbs most bicarbonate filtered from blood?	The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).
Respiratory Alkalosis	A condition caused by excessive ventilation that leads to decreased CO₂ and increased blood pH.
Surfactant	A substance produced by type II alveolar cells that reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse.
What nerve controls the diaphragm and is essential for breathing?	The phrenic nerve.
External Respiration	Gas exchange between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.
What happens to blood pH when carbon dioxide levels rise?	CO₂ increases → more carbonic acid → more hydrogen ions → pH decreases (acidosis).
Bowman's Capsule	The cup-shaped structure in the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate.
Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for urine concentration?	The loop of Henle, especially the descending and ascending limbs.
ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)	A hormone released from the atria that reduces blood volume by increasing sodium and water excretion.

Created by: jdbalunsatz

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: