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Study Stack Set 2
Physiology Week 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct an impulse that is how much faster than the slowest fibers in the body? | Almost 300 times faster |
| The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are): | enkephalins. |
| Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to: | receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. |
| Compared with the outside of the neuron, the inside has a(n) ____ charge. | negative |
| The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close. | True |
| Which chemicals allow neurons to communicate with one another? | neurotransmitters |
| Which membrane receptor acts to directly change ion permeability when stimulated? | Gated-channel receptor |
| The mechanisms that produce and maintain the resting membrane potential do so by producing a | slight excess of positive ions on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. |
| If the magnitude of the local depolarization surpasses a limit called the _____, voltage-gated Na+ channels are stimulated to open. | threshold potential |
| Which of the following is not associated with the oculomotor nerve? | Closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex) |
| A mixed nerve is one that: | carries both sensory and motor fibers. |
| All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except the: | vagus. |
| Danielle has sustained an injury that has reduced her ability to complete simple tasks such as lifting a pencil, manipulating eating utensils, and brushing her hair. The injury has affected the _____ motor pathways _____ the central nervous system (CNS). | voluntary; outside |
| The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary is the: | hypothalamus. |
| Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation? | Constriction of the bronchioles |
| The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the: | transcription of RNA. |
| The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch are the: | Ruffini corpuscles. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? | Chemical messenger travels a short distance. |
| Clearness or sharpness of visual perception is known as: | visual acuity |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia. |
| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | hemoglobin. |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava. |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. | protein molecules present |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: | hemodynamics. |
| Fluid that is clear, watery and contains protein molecules, salts, and other substances is called | intercellular fluid |
| The T cell is considered | the communicator |
| Millions of B cells release millions of | antibodies |
| The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity. |
| _______ is the only antibody class with the ability to cross the placental barrier, providing passive immunity to the developing fetus during pregnancy. | IgG. |
| The function of which antibody is basically unknown? | IgD |
| The functions of the lymph nodes are | defense and hematopoiesis. |
| Hyperpnea means a(n) | increase in breathing. |
| Oxygen enters blood from alveolar air because the partial pressure of alveolar air is | greater than the partial pressure of incoming blood. |
| An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood causes | a drop in pH in the blood. |
| A right shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve due to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide is also known as | the Bohr effect. |
| Pressure gradients are established by changes in the | thoracic cavity. |
| Ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract: | help move the mucus blanket toward the pharynx. |
| The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about _____ mm Hg. | 160 |
| About 98.5% of the oxygen carried by systemic arterial blood is attached to: | hemoglobin. |
| One hundred milliliters of arterial blood contains approximately what volume percent of oxygen? | 20% |
| The major form by which carbon dioxide is transported in the circulatory system is: | as bicarbonate ions. |
| If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately _____ ml. | 150 |
| The final step in lipid transport by the intestines is the formation of | chylomicrons. |
| The chemical process in which a compound unites with water and then splits into simpler compounds is called | hydrolysis. |
| During which stage of swallowing is there a risk of food entering respiratory pathways? | Oropharyngeal |
| ____ is the passage of substances through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph. | Absorption |
| The wave-like ripple of the muscle layer of the GI tract is called | peristalsis. |
| What percentage of this blood flow comes from the hepatic portal system? | 80% |
| Peristalsis is regulated in part by the intrinsic stretch reflexes. It is also thought to be stimulated by the hormone | cholecystokinin (CCK) |
| Chemical digestion requires the secretion of _____ into the lumen of the GI tract. | digestive enzymes and bile |
| The sodium cotransport or coupled transport acts to transport sodium ions and glucose molecules _____ the GI lumen. | passively out of |
| The enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of: | protein. |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | vasoactive intestinal peptide. |
| The major site for the absorption of the end products of digestion is the: | small intestine. |
| An end product of fat digestion is: | glycerol. |
Created by:
KeAmberW1