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Seerat Bhullar

Physiology Week 7-13

TermDefinition
1. Active Immunity Happens when your body produces its own antibodies in response to a pathogen or a vaccine.
2. Depolarization Sodium channels open and allows sodium ions to rush into the neuron. The flux changes the inside of the cell from negative to positive. Peaks around +30mV. Reversal of polarity generates the nerve impulse.
3. SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System) Prepares body for "fight or flight" situation by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and diverting energy to muscles. Helps the body respond to stress or danger. Activates body under stress, danger, or excitement.
4. Natural Active Immunity Occurs when you catch a disease and recover, like getting chickenpox and then becoming immune to it.
5. Repolarization Potassium channels open and allows potassium ions to move out of the cell. As positive ions leace the membrane potential becomes negative and causes it to move toward resting level.
6. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System) Promotes "rest and digest" by slowing heart rate, constricting pupils, and stimulation digestion. Helps conserve energy, recover after stress, maintain long-term health. Main components: cranial nerves, spinal cord, origin neurons, and target organs.
7. Natural Passive Immunity When a baby recieves antibodies from its mother, either through the placenta before birth or through breast milk after birth.
8. Hyperpolarization Potassium channels stay slightly open longer than needed and causes membrane potential to drop below normal resting level. Ensures the neuron cannot immediately fire another action potential and creates refractory period.
9. Differences between SNS and PNS SNS: "fight or flight," increased heart rate, pupils dilate, bronchi dilate, digestion slows, and energy expands. PNS: "rest and digest," decreased heart rate, pupils constrict, bronchi constricts, digestion stimulates, and energy conserved.
10. Passive Immunity Occurs when you receive antibodies made by someone else, so your body doesn't produce them on its own.
11. Describe events that take place during an action potential A rapid electrical signal that travels along neuron and allows communication between brain, spinal cord, and body. Occurs when graded potential reaches -55 mV. Once potential is reached causes depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization.
12. Artificial Passive Immunity Happens when you receive antibody injections, such as antivenom after a snake bite or monoclonal antibodies.
13. Responsibility of Neural Mechanisms Short-terms regulation of cardiovascular function
14. Artificial Active Immunity Happens when you get a vaccine, which triggers your immune system to make antibodies without causing the full-blown disease.
15. What are Neural Mechanisms primarily controlled by? Autonomic nervous system (ANS) through centers in the medulla oblongata.
Created by: Seeratb
 

 



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