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Week 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid Base Balance | The body’s regulation of hydrogen ion concentration to maintain a stable blood pH (7.35–7.45). |
| Buffer System | A chemical system (like bicarbonate, phosphate, or proteins) that resists sudden changes in pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions. |
| Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) | A base that helps neutralize acids; regulated primarily by the kidneys. |
| Carbonic Acid (H₂CO₃) | A weak acid formed when carbon dioxide combines with water; central to the bicarbonate buffer system. |
| Respiratory Compensation | The lungs adjust ventilation to regulate CO₂ levels and correct pH imbalances quickly. |
| Metabolic Compensation | The kidneys regulate hydrogen ion secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption to restore pH over hours to days. |
| Respiratory Acidosis | A condition caused by CO₂ retention (often from hypoventilation), leading to decreased blood pH. |
| Respiratory Alkalosis | A condition caused by excessive CO₂ loss (hyperventilation), resulting in increased blood pH. |
| Metabolic Acidosis | A decrease in blood bicarbonate or increase in acids, often due to renal failure, diarrhea, or ketoacidosis. |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | An increase in blood bicarbonate or loss of acids, commonly caused by vomiting or excessive antacid use. |