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Biology 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nutrition | obtaining and processing of materials for an organism's own use |
| Parts of Heterotrophic Nutrition | ingestion, digestion and egestion |
| ingestion | taking in food |
| digestion | breaking down food |
| egestion | removing solid waste from the body |
| organic substances must contain | carbon and hydrogen |
| energy is stored | in the bonds between atoms |
| when bonds break | energy is released |
| when more bonds are seen in a structural formula | the more energy it contains |
| In chemical equations, the part written BEFORE the arrow are called | reactants |
| In chemical equations, the part written AFTER the arrow are called | products |
| examples of organic compounds | C6 H12 O6 CH4 |
| examples of inorganic compounds | H2O CO2 |
| What is the largest inorganic compound found in the body? | water |
| What is water used for in the body? | life functions and reactions within the body |
| dehydration sysnthesis | removing water to build larger molecules (diagram- start with glucose, end with maltose and water) |
| hydrolysis/synthesis | adding water to break down larger molecules into smaller (diagram- start with maltose and water, end with glucose) |
| smallest type of carbohydrate | monosaccharide (simple sugar) |
| Example of monosaccharide | glucose or fructose |
| Carbohydrates contain the elements | C6 H12 O6 |
| Carbohydrates provide orgaisms | quick energy source |
| Carbohydrates break down into | glucose |
| Glucose is needed for | respiration |
| Many carbohydrates end in | "ose" maltose. glucose, sucrose |
| What carbohydrate does not end in "ose"? | starch |
| Starch is acomplex carbohydrate known as a | polysaccharide (made of many sugars) |
| Structures of carbohydrates are what shape? | ring-shaped |
| monosaccaride | one sugar (one ring) |
| disaccharide | two sugars (two rings) |
| polysaccaride | many sugars (many rings) |
| Lips are composed of | one glycerol and three fatty acids |
| What elements are lipids made up of | carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| What are examples of lipids? | fats, waxes and oils |
| Why are lipids important? | they are a source of stored energy when carbohydrates are unavailable |
| Why are lipids important? | they insulate and regulate or maintain body temperature |
| What are the two types of lipids? | saturated and unsaturated fats |
| saturated fats | solid fats that do not have a double bond |
| unsaturated fats | liquid at room temperature and have at east one double bond |
| The building blocks of proteins | amino acids |
| why are proteins important? | growth and repair |
| Examples of proteins | antibodies, hormones, receptors, enzymes |
| antibodies | fight disease |
| hormones | send chemical messages |
| receptors | allow the cell to receive messages |
| enzymes | speed up chemical reactions |
| Why is a proteins shape important? | it determines its function |
| Proteins are held together by | peptide bonds |
| Enzymes | proteins just like hormones, receptors and antibodies |
| shape of an enzyme | puzzle or lock and key |
| Shape of an enzyme | determines function |
| What are enzymes known for? | organic catalysts that speed up reactions |
| How does extreme temperature affect enzymes? | changes shapes and can leave them work less effectively or not at all |
| Enzymes can break down molecules | hydrolysis |
| Enzymes can build molecules | dehydration synthesis |
| What factors affect enzyme rate of action? | temperature, pH, concentration of substrates |
| How does pH affect enzymes? | Specific enzymes have a specific pH (some acid, some base) |
| How does concentration of substrates affect enzymes? | You can only increase so much until the reactions top out (see diagram) |
| Enzyme-substrate complex diagram | active site (substrate above enzyme) Substate comes down to enzyme Products A and B |
| What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| What does the diagram of a nucleotide look like? | circle/pool (phosphate) House/pentagon (sugar) Rectangle/driveway (nitrogen base) |
| What are examples of nucleic acids | DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acic RNA- Ribonucleic Acid |
| What is a nucleotide made up of? | a phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base |
Created by:
bcataldi25