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Anatomy Weeks 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between the axial muscles and appendicular muscles?(Ch. 15/16) | The axial muscles form the body's central skeleton (bigger-Neck to pelvic floor) The appendicular muscles enable movement (Smaller- Shoulder to posterior leg) |
| Define the term reflex arc?(Ch.18) | A signal conduction route to and from the CNS (brain and spinal cord). |
| What is the cerebellum and its function?(Ch.20) | AKA "little brain", lies beneath the cerebrum. Coordinate control of muscle action and helps maintain balance in the body. |
| What composes the vervain plexus?(Ch.21) | The cervical plexus is found deep in the neck. It is composed of the accessory nerve (XI) and the hypoglossal nerve (XII). |
| How many divisions make up the autonomic nervous system?(Ch. 22) | ANS-controls involuntary effectors. Sympathetic division consists of neural pathways different from those of the parasympathetic division but they work together. Sympathetic (Fight-or-Flight) Parasympathetic (Rest & Digest) |
| Define the classification of sensory receptors?(Ch. 23) | Exteroreceptors-located on or near the body surface and responds to stimuli that arises from the body itself. (pressure, pain,touch,temp) Viscero/Interoreceptors-located internally(hunger,thirst) Proprioreceptors- special type, less numerous(feel moveme |
| List the special senses. (Ch.24) | -Taste -Smell -Hearing and balance -Vision |
| What is the second messenger mechanism?(Ch.25) | Signal pathway where a first messenger delivers a chemical message and target cells in plasma membrane where it triggers a second message. |
| Parathyroid vs thyroid glands(Ch.26) | Thyroid gland- 2 large lateral lobes. Thyroid Hormone T4 iodine atoms/T3 iodine atoms, gland stores the hormone before secreting them, it is the only endocrine gland that stores its hormones for later use. Parathyroid gland- 4/5 glands in the thyroid glan |
| Define granulocytes(Ch.27) | Include 3 WBCs that have large granules in their cytoplasms, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils. Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas - percentage of WBC in decreasing value |
| What are the walls of the heart?(Ch.28) | Epicardium- outer layer Myocardium- bulk of the heart wall Endocardium- mining of the interior myocardium wall |
| Systemic circulation vs. Pulmonary circulation (Ch.29) | Systemic conducts blood flow from the left ventricle through the blood vessels to all parts of the body (except gas exchange in the lungs) and back to the right atrium Pulmonary circulation is required in order for the blood flow to start again. |
| Starlings law of the heart(Ch.30) | Within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers at the beginning of the contraction, the stronger is their contraction. |
| Describe cortical nodules(Ch. 31) | Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a germinal center. |
| What are the two major defenses of the immune system?(Ch.32) | Innate- already present or "in place" before exposure, at birth. Adaptive- involves mechanisms that involves specific threatening agents and then adapt or respond |
| What major cells play an important role in immunity? (Ch.33) | B cells recognize specific antigens and produce specific antibodies T cells recognize antigens presented on cell surfaces to attack infected and abnormal cells |
| Describe the Pharynx and its structure.(Ch.35) | AKA the real "throat", nasopharynx behind the nose and extends from posterior nares to the soft palate, oropharynx behind the mouth from the soft palate to the hyoid bone below, laryngopharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the esophagus. |
Created by:
nayeli03c