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citizenship second
half
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Securitization | The framing of migration as a security threat that justifies extraordinary control measures. |
| Professional managers of unease | Bureaucrats and officials who produce and manage public anxieties about migrants. |
| Migration management | A technocratic system for organizing, regulating, and controlling human mobility. |
| Immigration/border enforcement | Tools and actions a state uses to police entry, stay, and movement |
| Punishment as “productive” | The idea that punitive migration policies create institutional power and political value. |
| Racialized biopolitical divide | The uneven distribution of life chances based on race within migration regimes. |
| Crimmigration | The merging of immigration law with criminal law. |
| Proliferation of sites of enforcement | The spread of immigration control into everyday spaces and institutions |
| Border internalization | The movement of border policing away from physical borders into a country’s interior. |
| Border work | The everyday labor and administrative actions that maintain and enforce borders. |
| Detention-as-spectacle | The use of detention to publicly demonstrate state control and deterrence. |
| Deterrence | Policies aimed at discouraging migration through punitive or harsh conditions. |
| Biopower | The state’s regulation of populations through control over bodies and life |
| Bare life | Existence stripped of political rights and protections. |
| Spaces of moral alibi | Locations where states distance themselves from responsibility for rights violations. |
| Border externalization | Outsourcing migration control to other states or offshore territories |
| Forced migration/displacement | Movement caused by threats such as violence, persecution, or disaster. |
| Refugee | A person who crosses borders to escape persecution. |
| Convention refugee | A refugee recognized under the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol. |
| Asylum seeker | Someone applying for but not yet granted refugee status. |
| Internally displaced persons (IDPs) | People forced to flee but who remain within their country. |
| International refugee regime | The global system governing refugee protection, led by UNHCR. |
| 1951 Convention & 1967 Protocol | The core legal framework defining refugee rights and state obligations. |
| UNHCR | The UN agency responsible for global refugee protection. |
| Non-refoulement | The prohibition against returning people to danger. |
| Neo-refoulement | Indirect or outsourced practices that circumvent non-refoulement. |
| Resettlement | Permanent relocation of refugees to a third country for protection. |
| Human rights / “rights of man | Rights held by all individuals by virtue of being human. |
| Right to have rights | The idea that political membership is necessary for rights to be meaningful. |
| Statelessness | The condition of lacking legal nationality. |
| De jure statelessness | Being legally recognized as having no citizenship. |
| De facto statelessness | Having nominal citizenship but lacking its protections. |
| Political/legal harm | Harm caused by exclusion from legal or political recognition. |
| Ontological harm | Harm to one’s sense of self, identity, or humanity. |
| Agency | The capacity of migrants to act within and against structural constraints. |
| Status non-citizens | People present in a state without citizenship rights. |
| Territorial presence and conditionality | The idea that being in a territory does not guarantee stable rights. |
| Political voice | The ability to participate in and influence political decisions. |
| Rights / personhood rights | Entitlements granted by citizenship vs. those held by all humans. |
| Precarious citizenship | Citizenship or legal presence that is unstable and easily revoked. |
| Stateless populations | Groups who collectively lack nationality and state protection. |
| Unauthorized/irregular migrants | People residing in a state without legal permission. |
| Temporary humanitarian protected statuses | Short-term protections for people from crisis-affected countries. |
| Temporary or guest workers | Migrants permitted to work temporarily without long-term rights. |
| Conditional citizenship | Citizenship dependent on behavior, loyalty, or performance. |
| Earned citizenship | Citizenship framed as a reward for meeting performance-based criteria. |
| Neoliberal vs. liberal citizenship | Citizenship as market-based and conditional vs. citizenship as equal legal status |
| Formal vs. informal incorporation | Legal inclusion vs. social and economic participation without legal status. |
| Deservingness | Judgments about who merits rights or membership |
| State-centric citizenship | Citizenship defined by and dependent on the nation-state |
| Non-state-centric citizenship | Models locating citizenship in communities, networks, or global norms. |
| Cosmopolitan citizenship | Membership grounded in universal humanity rather than national borders. |
| Transnational citizenship | Citizenship practices and ties extending across states. |
| Citizenships of globalization | New membership forms created by global interconnectedness. |
| Communities of shared fate | Political communities formed by interdependence (e.g., climate, economy). |
| Function of self-rule | Citizenship as participation in governing one’s community. |
| Function of self-protection | Citizenship as securing rights and safety. |
| Citizenship as normativizing project | Citizenship as a tool for defining “proper” members of society. |
| Inclusion/exclusion | Mechanisms determining who belongs and who does not. |
| Incompleteness | The idea that citizenship and belonging remain contested and never fully settled. |
Created by:
Zariii