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Social Studies 8th
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Robber barons | a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods |
| Captains of Industry | Forged the modern industrial economy in a positive way |
| -Growth of Railroads | allow for faster transportation, trading, come together in these separate place, Pullman sleeping cars, air brakes, move goods and people |
| Laissez Faire economics | Idea that the government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. |
| Land | was a natural resource in it, petroleum for example, |
| Capital | something that is invested in and used, such as a machines, buildings, or wealth that is used to create a good or provide a service (for example, a car is capital for a taxi company) |
| labor | meant it took large numbers of workers to turn raw materials into goods |
| Stocks/Shareholders | people who own stocks |
| Trust | a group of companies managed by a single board of trustees |
| Monopoly | total control over an industry by a single person |
| Skyscrapers | made cities more urban →made possible by steel and concrete |
| Knights of Labor (Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor) | recruited people who usually were not allowed in unions (immigrants, African Americans, women, and unskilled workers), peaked in the 1880s, membership went down afterwards |
| Worker Exploitation | employers taking advantage of their workers |
| Sweatshops | poor working conditions, low wages, long hours, and cramped areas, make it bad |
| Mines | dust explosions, cave-ins, poor working conditions, cramped compartments, dust inhalation, and floodings make it bad |
| Collective bargaining | the unionized workers bargain for better working conditions |
| Strike breakers | non-unionized workers that break strikes |
| Injunction | a court order stopping or forcing something |
| Pullman Strike | in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing |
| Homestead Strike | 1892 strike against Carnegie's steelworks in Homestead, Pennsylvania |
| Haymarket Riot | 1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence |
| How did the new inventions help the country? | They advanced the country drove the industry, made everything more efficient. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Steel |
| John D Rockefeller | Oil |
| Henry Ford | Cars |
| Cornelius | Trains |
| Emma Lazarus | An American poet known for writing the "New Colossus" which is on the statue of liberty. |
| Lewis Hines | American photographer used his photos to spread awaraness of child labor. |
| Jacob Riiis | Muckraker journalist who photographed poor living photos to spread the word |
| John Muir | environmentalist, founded sierra club, and pushed for national parks |
| Mother Jones | fought for workers right |
| Upton Sinclair | A muckraker writer who exposed unsafe meatpacking conditions in his book "The Jungle" |
| Vertical Integration | A company's control over every stage of business. Ex cotton farms |
| Horizontal Integration | A company's control of the stage of business. |
| Philanthropy | when someone is rich and gives money away |
| Labor Unions | organization working who seek better conditions |
| Federal | Relating to the national government |
| Legislation | making new ideas |
| Ellis Island | a historic island in New York Harbor that served as the primary immigration station for the United States from 1892 to 1954 |
| Angel Island | a West Coast processing and detention center for immigrants from 1910 to 1940, located in the San Francisco Bay |
| Navitivist | person opposed to immigration |
| Assimilation | to try to fit in |
| Push Factros | potato famine, religious persecution, no jobs, poverty and over population |
| Pull Factors | Jobs |
| Rockefeller | Robber Barron: owner of the Standard Oil monopoly and trust |
| Carnegie | Robber Barron ( who built the American steel industry steel mill) |
| J.J. Astor | Robber Barron (Became the richest man in America through the American fur trade) |
| Vanderbilt | Robber Barron (robber baron who monopolized the railroad industry") |
| J. P . Morgan | Robber Barron ( An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies.) |
| Jay Gould | Robber Baron (United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market |
| Significant labor unions → otherwise known as trade unions: | labor union |
| The American Federation of Labor (AFL) | labor union |
| Bessemer Process | Invented by Henry bess first inexpensive industrial method for mass producing steal. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | law stopping monopoly |
| 18 | prohibition of alcohol |
| 19 | woman's suffrage |
| 17 | direct election of senators |
Created by:
Annacook0917