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Marie Jo

Physiology 7 - 13

TermDefinition
Resting membrane potential (RMP) The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron’s plasma membrane .
Stimulus-gated channels / ligand-gated channels Are ion channels that open in response to chemicals produced by a sensory stimulus or by a chemical stimulus received from another neuron.
Hyperpolarization Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (thus be-low the usual RMP) is called
Synaptic knob Is a tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron’s axon.
Action potential The membrane potential of a neuron that is conducting an impulse; also known as a nerve impulse.
Spatial summation Adding together the effects of several knobs being activated simultaneously and stimulating different locations on the post-synaptic membrane, producing an action potential.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Is found in the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord and within the cavities and canals of the brain and spinal cord.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Is a subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary effectors.
Enteric Nervous System (ENS) Is the “intestinal nervous system” that is made up of a complex network of nerve plexuses buried between layers of the intestinal (gut) wall.
Parasympathetic Division Is the dominant controller of most autonomic effectors most of the time.
Adrenergic fibers Release norepinephrine; axons of postganglionic sympathetic neurons.
Cholinergic fibers Release acetylcholine; axons of preganglionic sympathetic neurons and of preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons.
Acetylcholine Slows heartbeat and acts to promote digestion and elimination
Adaptation Refers to the process by which the magnitude of the receptor potential decreases over time in response to a continuous stimulus.
Nociceptor Is used to describe the free nerve endings that serve as the primary sensory receptors for pain.
Neurohypophysis ( Posterior lobe of the Pituitary) Serves as a storage and release site for two hormones: antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OT).
Pineal gland Produces small amounts of many different hormones, but the principal hormone is melatonin.
Parathyroid Hormone Is the main hormone the body uses to maintain calcium homeostasis.
Aldosterone Stimulates kidney tubules to conserve sodium, which in turn triggers the release of ADH and the resulting conservation of water by the kidney
Cortisol (hydrocortisone) Influences metabolism of food molecules; in large amounts, it has an anti inflammatory effect
Insulin Produced by beta cells, tends to promote the movement of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids out of the blood and into tissue cells.
Artery Vessel that carries blood away from the heart. The aorta, from the left side of the heart, and the pulmonary trunk (which immediately splits into two pulmonary arteries) from the right side, are among the great vessels of the heart.
Vein Vessel that carries blood toward the heart. The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava to the right side of the heart are among the great vessels of the heart, as are the four pulmonary veins to the left side.
Capillary Microscopic vessel that carries blood between arteries and veins and permits exchange of substances be-tween the blood and the surrounding tissue.
Myocardium The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile, middle layer of specially constructed and arranged cardiac muscle cells.
Lymph Is the clear, watery-appearing fluid found in the lymphatic vessels.
Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) Is the first lymph node to which a cancerous tumor can spread.
Upper respiratory tract Is composed of the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and larynx.
lower respiratory tract Consists of the trachea, all segments of the bronchial tree, and the lungs.
Thyroid cartilage Is the largest cartilage of the larynx and is the one that gives the characteristic triangular shape to its anterior wall.
Created by: mariejo0823
 

 



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