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Bio 12

Homeostasis

Proces
Homeostasis Process which allows body to adjust internal conditions to variations in the external environment.
3 controls systems: 1. Monitor - sensor that first detects change, and sends signal to coordinating center. 2. Coordinating center - processes info and sends appropriate signal to regulator 3. Regulator - part that is able to induce change which normalizes the condition
Negative Feedback System: Monitor: thermoreceptors in skin detect ∆ temp. + send message to brain Control Centre (brain): brain sends signal to regulators which correct for ∆ temp.
Positive Feedback System: Occur when control centre (brain) tells regulator to allow change to go beyond its normal parameters. Ex: childbirth
Childbirth Monitor: sensors in cervix send signals to control centre (brain) Control Centre (brain): pituitary gland in brain secretes oxytocin. Regulator: oxytocin causes uterine contractions
Abdominal Aorta provides oxygenated blood to kidney. Connects to renal arteries.
Renal Veins carries deoxygenated blood from kidneys to vena cava.
Vena Cava carries deoxygenated blood from kidney to inferior venacava.
Renal Arteries provides oxygenated blood to kidneys.
Kidney filters blood and collects urine
Ureters Shuttles filtered urine from kidneys to bladder
Bladder Stores urine
Urethra Where urine exits
Calyces Chambers where urine passes
Renal Artery Carries oxygenated blood to kidney
Renal Vein Carries deoxygenated blood away from kidney
Ureter Carries filtered urine from kidney to bladder
Pelvis Where urine collects before travelling to bladder
Medulla Where most osmosis and diffusing occur
Cortex Where secretion and re-absorption occur
Bowman's Capsule: A cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney.
Glomerulus A small, intertwined group of capillaries within the nephrons of the kidney that filter the blood to make urine.
Afferent arteriole Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole
Efferent Arteriole Takes blood away from Bowman's capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule Bowman's capsule gives rise to the PCT
Loop of Henle The loop of Henle is a U-shaped tube that consists of a descending limb and ascending limb.
Distal Convoluted Tubule Distal convoluted tubule: loop of henle is followed by DCT. The DCT is responsible for the fine-tuning of urine.
Collecting Duct Collects urine
ADH Hormone secreted from pituitary gland in brain which allows ↑H2O absorption from distal tubule + collecting duct to conserve water.
Loop of Henle Descending limb: lets water leave, but not salts. Ascending limb: lets salts leave, but not water. Because salts are removed in the ascending limb, the filtrate becomes more diluted as it moves up. Only a small amount of reabsorption happens here.
2 Antagonistic Hormones 1. Insulin - made by beta cells in islets of langerhans
Type 1 Diabetes - was called juvenile diabetes - sometimes due to immune disorders, where body attacks insulin-producing beta cells or due to genetic abnormalities - may be caused by virus - body very quickly loses ability to produce insulin
Type 2 Diabetes - More common form - Was referred to as adult-onset until children started being diagnosed - Either insufficient insulin produced or cells don’t respond to insulin - Often treated by diet and exercise
Type 2 Diabetes pt. 2 -May have genetic link, but age, activity level and obesity are factors - Foods high in sugar while maintaining a sedentary lifestyle are contributing factors. - Dietary restriction and exercise helps these patients to an extent.
Discovery of Insulin Summer 1921: Canadians Frederick Banting and Charles Best isolate insulin as the cause of diabetes 1923: Win Nobel Prize 1923: Insulin is able to be created on a large scale, and diabetics are treated.
Created by: elishacaplan
 

 



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