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MEGA BIOCHEM FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass is also | Number of protons |
| Electrons are equal to | Protons |
| Neutrons are found by | Mass - Protons |
| Atomic mass number is | Protons + Neutrons |
| How do you find molar mass? | Add up all of the MW's of each element. EZ |
| How do you know the average number of atoms in a sample? | You can find the average number of atoms in a sample by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's number. If the sample is a compound, first find the number of molecules and then multiply that by the number of atoms in each molecule. |
| Ionic compounds | Metal+Nonmetal |
| Covalent compounds | Nonmetal+Nonmetal Covalent bonds share electrons |
| What is Molar mass? | Mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance |
| Structural Isomer | have the same molecular formula but different atom connectivity CONNECTIVTY IS DIFFERENT |
| Conformational | different spatial arrangements of the same molecule that can be interconverted by rotating around single bonds |
| Stereoisomers | Same connectivity, but can NOT rotate to intraconvert |
| Enatimores | Mirror images |
| Diastereomers | Not mirror images |
| Epimers | Only one thing is changed |
| Oxidations | LOSS OF ELECTRONS Gain of bonds to O, Loss to H |
| Reduction | GAIN OF ELECTRONS Loss of bonds to O, Gain to H |
| Lactose | Galactose + Glucose |
| Sucrose | Fructose + Glucose non-reducing sugar |
| Starch has | Amylose + Amylopectin |
| IMF order (Weakest to Strongest) | London Forces Dip-Dip H bonds Ion-Dip Ionic Attraction |
| Amphipathic Compound | Non Polar and Polar |
| Solutions | Solvents- Major Solutes- Minor (Solutes are in the solvent) |
| Ionic compounds do what... | Dissociate Cuh dey strong electrolytes CuSo4(s)->Cu(aq) + SO4(aq) Both have charges of 2 btw |
| Compounds that stay in tact are.... | Non-electrolytes CH3OH(l)-> CH3OH(aq) |
| Example of a dilution question | You need to prepare 50 mL of a 0.1 M Tris-HCl working solution. You have a stock solution of 1 M Tris-HCl available. How much of the stock solution and how much water (diluent) will you use |
| Equivalents | Moles of a charge Na+1: 1 EQ-> 1 mol of Na+ Ca+2: 2 EQ-> 1 Mol Ca 2+ |
| Acids | Proton Donors |
| Bases | Proton Acceptors |
| Strong Acids | HClO4 H2SO4 HI HBr HCl HNO3 all others are weak!!!!!! |
| Strong Bases | LiOH KOH NaOH Ca(OH)2 Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 |
| Neutralizations | Pulls out a salt and H2O HBr+KOH-> H2O + KBr then u gotta balance it |
| Shift right | More products are created from reactants |
| Shift left | More reactants are created from products |
| Adding heat | Shifts to the left |
| Removing heat | Shifts to the right |
| Ph Solution < Pka Ph solution is less than Pka | Acids > Base Acids are greater than base |
| Ph Solution = Pka | Acid=Base |
| Ph Solution > Pka Ph solutions are greater than Pka | Acid> Base Bases are greater than acids |
| > +1 K Value | Products are larger than reactants |
| < -1 K Value | Reactants are larger than products |
| = 1 K Value | Same boi |
| Finding Ph | -log{1x10^-7] = 7Ph |
| Finding H3O+ | 10^-7.35 (the pH) = 4.5 x 10^-8 |
| A Ka number closer to 1 is | stronger "1.8x10^-4" |
| pKa number examples | "2.00" "3.85" |
| Ph+Pka are associated with | weak acids |
| If the pH is lower than pKa | More H3O+ the equilibrium shifts to produce more acid |
| If the pH is higher than pKa | Less H3O+ This creates more of a presence of CJ bases |
| Respiratory Acidosis | HypOventilation fails to exchange CO2, so its building up Causes H3O+ MORE ACIDIC |
| Respiratory Acidosis Treatment | Bicarbonate SOLN |
| Respiratory Alkalosis | HypERventilation causes less H3O+ MORE BASIC |
| Respiratory Alkalosis Treatment | Breathing into a paper bag |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Diabetics->less glucose-> having to use fatty acids as energy source then results in more acid released into the body |
| Metabolic Acidosis Treatment | Bicarbonate neutrilzer |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | Occurs when vomiting, so ur losing the acid from ur stomach |
| Metabolic Alkalosis Treatment | administering ammonium chloride |
| Transcription | dna to mrna |
| Translation | mrna to proteins |
| carries amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis. | tRNA |
| carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome. | mRNA |
| combines with proteins to form ribosomes. | rRNA |
| Name the covalent bond that helps to stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein. | disulfide bond |
| What is an anomeric carbon? | The carbon that is at the 1' spot in a |
| Nucleotides have what kinda bonds | Phosphodiester bonds |
| FATS | SOLID at room temperature KINKY chains SATURATED with hydrogens |
| OILS | LIQUID at room temperature |
| Why are melting points for oil lower than fats? | The lower melting point of oils is related to the higher degree of unsaturation. |
| Fewer attractive forces= | a lower melting point |
Created by:
liladdoyle