Question 1

le gens de 
couleur libres

Accepted Answer

free people of color. Under the Code Noir, this group had certain rights that enslaved Africans did not, such as the ability to own property and to marry freely

Question 2

What was the purpose of the Code Noir?

Accepted Answer

The purpose was to control people of African descent while protecting the interests of slaveholders. It gave les gens de couleur libres marriage and property ownership rights.

Question 3

What roles did les gens de couleur libres play in colonial Louisiana?

Accepted Answer

It provided manufactured goods that helped N.O. become an important trading center and helped in construction of the city. It also contributed to the economic and cultural development of the colony.

Question 4

Under the Code Noir, what status did Black children have upon birth?

Accepted Answer

the status of their mother

Question 5

What was required of slaveholders if an enslaved person under their care became too old or ill to work?

Accepted Answer

They had to feed and provide for the enslaved person or admit them to a hospital at the slaveholder’s expense.

Question 6

What was likely the purpose of colonial officials not allowing enslaved persons to gather in crowds?

Accepted Answer

Colonial officials may have been concerned about the potential for organized uprisings or rebellions. Restricting gatherings limited the flow of information among enslaved population.

Question 7

Who were the Creole people?

Accepted Answer

They were the first generation of both French and Spanish colonists who were born in Louisiana. They could be either free or enslaved people.

Question 8

German Coast

Accepted Answer

along the coast of the Mississippi about twenty-five miles (40 km) from New Orleans,

Question 9

What happened after Crozat abandoned his contract and Cadillac was removed?

Accepted Answer

In Crozat’s absence, the French king turned the colony over to a Scottish investment banker named John Law. Law’s company granted land to settlers from Germany and neighboring countries in an attempt to populate the colony and make it a success.

Question 10

Who granted land in Louisiana to many people from Germany?

Accepted Answer

John Law

Question 11

How did the German settlers help New Orleans?

Accepted Answer

They provided resources and food.

Question 12

What was one of the main reasons the German settlements succeeded?

Accepted Answer

Because there were so many families among the settlers.

Question 13

What did the French Superior Council do because New Orleans resources were so valuable?

Accepted Answer

the French Superior Council issued a decree that promised protection for settlers on their way to and from 
 New Orleans to deliver goods.

Question 14

Why did the influx of new settlers cause conflict with the Natchez?

Accepted Answer

The settlers took more and more land

Question 15

Why were the results of the Natchez Massacre?

Accepted Answer

a.200+ colonial men killed and women & children were enslaved 
b.Bienville sent soldiers as well as Choctaw warriors allied with the French to attack Natchez settlements. c. devastating for the Natchez and greatly reduced their population.

Question 16

Louisiana Civil Code

Accepted Answer

Developed by French colonial officials; still in place today

Question 17

How were British colonies like Louisiana?

Accepted Answer

They were ruled by a foreign power across the ocean

Question 18

Who developed Louisiana’s civil code?

Accepted Answer

The Louisiana Civil Code, still in place today, was developed by French colonial officials.

Question 19

How is civil law different from common law?

Accepted Answer

It is based on codes and statutes, while common law is based on court decisions.

Question 20

Which two countries had control of Louisiana at some point during the Seven Years War? 
What did the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso do? It sold Louisiana back to France and forbade France from selling or trading it.

Accepted Answer

Spain and France

Question 21

Why was control of Louisiana important to Spain?

Accepted Answer

It was the dividing line between the British colonies and Spain’s mining interests in Mexico.

Question 22

Why might it have been important that the Treaty of Fontainebleau be signed in secret?

Accepted Answer

It gave the Spanish and French an advantage over the British for the British not to know that control of Louisiana had changed hands and that Spain would help France in the war.

Question 23

What were some of the benefits of the Treaty of Fountainbleau?

Accepted Answer

_It gave much of colonial Louisiana to Spain. As part of the treaty, French king Louis XV gave western Louisiana and New Orleans to Spain in return for its help during the war. This was also a way to keep Louisiana from being taken by the British.

Question 24

What were the results of the Treaty of Paris?

Accepted Answer

France gave its Canadian territory and eastern Louisiana to  the British. Great Britain then officially ceded eastern Louisiana to Spain. Louisiana remained a Spanish colony for almost four decades.

Question 25

What threatened Spanish rule of Louisiana?

Accepted Answer

After 1783, expansion of the United States began to threaten Spanish rule in Louisiana.

Question 26

What did the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso do?

Accepted Answer

It sold Louisiana back to France and forbade France from selling or trading it.

Question	Answer
le gens de couleur libres	free people of color. Under the Code Noir, this group had certain rights that enslaved Africans did not, such as the ability to own property and to marry freely
What was the purpose of the Code Noir?	The purpose was to control people of African descent while protecting the interests of slaveholders. It gave les gens de couleur libres marriage and property ownership rights.
What roles did les gens de couleur libres play in colonial Louisiana?	It provided manufactured goods that helped N.O. become an important trading center and helped in construction of the city. It also contributed to the economic and cultural development of the colony.
Under the Code Noir, what status did Black children have upon birth?	the status of their mother
What was required of slaveholders if an enslaved person under their care became too old or ill to work?	They had to feed and provide for the enslaved person or admit them to a hospital at the slaveholder’s expense.
What was likely the purpose of colonial officials not allowing enslaved persons to gather in crowds?	Colonial officials may have been concerned about the potential for organized uprisings or rebellions. Restricting gatherings limited the flow of information among enslaved population.
Who were the Creole people?	They were the first generation of both French and Spanish colonists who were born in Louisiana. They could be either free or enslaved people.
German Coast	along the coast of the Mississippi about twenty-five miles (40 km) from New Orleans,
What happened after Crozat abandoned his contract and Cadillac was removed?	In Crozat’s absence, the French king turned the colony over to a Scottish investment banker named John Law. Law’s company granted land to settlers from Germany and neighboring countries in an attempt to populate the colony and make it a success.
Who granted land in Louisiana to many people from Germany?	John Law
How did the German settlers help New Orleans?	They provided resources and food.
What was one of the main reasons the German settlements succeeded?	Because there were so many families among the settlers.
What did the French Superior Council do because New Orleans resources were so valuable?	the French Superior Council issued a decree that promised protection for settlers on their way to and from New Orleans to deliver goods.
Why did the influx of new settlers cause conflict with the Natchez?	The settlers took more and more land
Why were the results of the Natchez Massacre?	a.200+ colonial men killed and women & children were enslaved b.Bienville sent soldiers as well as Choctaw warriors allied with the French to attack Natchez settlements. c. devastating for the Natchez and greatly reduced their population.
Louisiana Civil Code	Developed by French colonial officials; still in place today
How were British colonies like Louisiana?	They were ruled by a foreign power across the ocean
Who developed Louisiana’s civil code?	The Louisiana Civil Code, still in place today, was developed by French colonial officials.
How is civil law different from common law?	It is based on codes and statutes, while common law is based on court decisions.
Which two countries had control of Louisiana at some point during the Seven Years War? What did the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso do? It sold Louisiana back to France and forbade France from selling or trading it.	Spain and France
Why was control of Louisiana important to Spain?	It was the dividing line between the British colonies and Spain’s mining interests in Mexico.
Why might it have been important that the Treaty of Fontainebleau be signed in secret?	It gave the Spanish and French an advantage over the British for the British not to know that control of Louisiana had changed hands and that Spain would help France in the war.
What were some of the benefits of the Treaty of Fountainbleau?	_It gave much of colonial Louisiana to Spain. As part of the treaty, French king Louis XV gave western Louisiana and New Orleans to Spain in return for its help during the war. This was also a way to keep Louisiana from being taken by the British.
What were the results of the Treaty of Paris?	France gave its Canadian territory and eastern Louisiana to the British. Great Britain then officially ceded eastern Louisiana to Spain. Louisiana remained a Spanish colony for almost four decades.
What threatened Spanish rule of Louisiana?	After 1783, expansion of the United States began to threaten Spanish rule in Louisiana.
What did the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso do?	It sold Louisiana back to France and forbade France from selling or trading it.

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