Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Museums Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was different about the establishment of national art museum collections in France and England? | In France, the Revolution nationalized the king's collection at the Louvre, while in England the monarchy's collection was broken up after Charles I and political realities prevented it transformation into a national museum |
| What is the primary goal of comparative museuology? | To critically examine both similarities and differences in museum forms across cultures |
| What impact did the printing press have on the popularity of cabinets of curiosity in early modern Europe? | Helped shared information about discoveries, collections, and curiosities more widely |
| How did the Field Museum recently remodel its Native American exhibit? | It better emphasized the beliefs, practices, and lanugage of living indigenous Americans |
| What purpose did art collections serve for aristocratic rulers like the French King? | Used to dazzle visitors and assert the ruler's magnificence, legitimacy, and political power |
| What function does Niel McGregor argue that the British Museum should play today? | To circulate collections globally, fostering dialogue and a sense of shared human history |
| What is the key difference between "connoisseur's hang" and the "art-historical hang," according to Carol Duncan? | Connoisseur's hang grouped works to display aristocratic taste and knowledge of style (cramped together, no clear order, can touch); Art-history hang arranged works chronologically to show progress of schools and national genius (spaced, no touch) |
| What best explains why European elites created cabinets of curiosity containing objects from the Americas? | To showcase exotic items and suggest mastery over distant lands |
| Benin bronzes originate from where? | Kingdom of Benin (Nigeria) |
| What was the "Grand Tour?" | Trip through continental Europe made by young British aristocrats; Acquired fine art objects for their estates, especially from Italy |
| The word for museum originally comes from what language? | Greek |
| Sixteenth-century European collectors like the Medici acquired which types of objects from the Americas? | Masks made by indigenous civilizations; Exotic birds and mammals; Featherworks and textiles |
| What are some general characteristics of a collection, according to Sharon McDonald? | Intentionality/purpose; Meaning of the whole collection is bigger than the sum of its parts; Recontextualization of objects away from their utilitarian purposes |
| Which museum owns the Physician and naturalist Sir Hans Sloane's collection? | British Museum |
| Which museum owns John Julius Angerstein's 38-painting collection? | The National Gallery in London |
| Which museum owns the collection of the Tradescent father/son duo of elite gardeners and world travelers? | The Ashmolean |
| Which museum owns the French Royal Art Collection? | The Louvre |
| Why are European Cabinets of Curiositiy, like Ole Worm's, considered the foundation for modern museums and not medieval collections, like the treasury at St. Denis? | Ole Worm's was more accessible to show his travel, only clergy could view St. Denis; Ole Worm had more natural objects, St. Denis had very expensive, flashy objects to show off wealth; Ole Worm = learning, but St. Denis = wonder |
| Which non-western museum traditionally did not allow women inside? | Haas Tambaran; Women could go inside, but had less power |
| Which non-western museum utilized charcoal to control humidity inside? | Lumbungs |
| What are the differences in the reasons for the founding of The Louvre and the British Museum? | Louvre inspired by nationalism; British Museum is the first encyclopedic museum, who had the goal of establishing cosmopolitanism |
| What are the main differences between the original collections of the Louvre and the British Museum? | Louvre mostly consisted of fine art; British Museum had more emphasis on cultural objects and naturalia |
| What are the main differences in organization of the collections of the Louvre and the British Museum? | Louvre is mostly organized by time period and region; British Museum is organized by geographical region and culture |
| Which museum is Alfred Barnes associated with? | Barnes Foundation |
| Which museum is Robert de Forest associated with? | Metropolitan Museum of Art |
| Which museum is The Library Society associated with? | The Charleston Museum |
| Which museum is G. Brown Goode associated with? | The Smithsonian |
| Which museum is P. T. Barnum associated with? | The American Museum (in New York City) |
| Which museum is Charles Willson Peale associated with? | The Philadelphia Museum (in Independence Hall) |
| Who was a pioneering curator of the Charleston Museum who was influential with the museum's acquisition of historic preservation properties? This person also developed innovative child education programs and opened segregated museum to black visitors. | Laura Bragg |
| What do historians agree was P. T. Barnum's motivation in creating a museum? | Profit |
| What was Congress's main concern about accepting James Smithson's bequest? | That accepting a gift from a British donor might undermine U.S. dignity and independence, as well as state's rights |
| In what era did American Museums start to heavily invest in collecting decorative arts, creating period rooms and preserving historic houses? | Progressive Era |
| How did 19th- and 20th-century world's fairs relate to the development of museums in the U.S.? | Provided models for organizing large-scale displays, and their surplus collections and buildings were sometimes donated to museums |
| In his museum, Charles Wilson Peale's "long room" primarily served what function? | As the central exhibit hall integrating art, science, and natural history displays |
| How did the Charleston Museum acquire the first objects in its collection? | Placed advertisements in newspapers and sent correspondence to gentlemen asking them to donate natural specimens from the lowcountry |
| What were the main parts of the American Museum collection in NYC? | Automotons; Anthropological artifacts, like medieval armor and indigenous fishing tools; "Living wonders" who performed in the museum's auditorium, such as conjoined twins; Stuffed, taxidermized animals |
| What cultural or ideaological purpose did the silhouetted in Peale's museum serve? | Offered affordable portraiture while reinforcing notions of democratic equality through uniform representation |
| What are the locations of the Charleston Museum throughout its history in chronological order? | Library Society; SC Statehouse; Corner of Meeting and Market St.; 3rd floor Randolph Hall; Thompson Auditorium; Current Location |
| What was the nickname for the first world's fair –the 1851 Great Exhbiition in London– which was very influential for subsequent fairs? | The Crystal Palace |
| According to Robert Rydell's analysis of world's fairs and museums, what does the term "exhibtionary complex" refer to? | A system of public display through which institutions like the world's fairs and progress under the guise of education and modernity |
| During which period did the creation of museums boon in the U.S., with many being established in cities throughout the country? | 1870-1920 |
| What is the difference between the collections of the Charleston Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art? | Charleston museum's collection was not originally publically accessible, needed to be an elite member of Library Society |
| What is the mission statement of the Charleston Museum? | Create a full and accurate collection of SC natural history |
| What is the mission statement of the Met? | Educate all sections of American public about fine art and innovation, and create an appreciation of fine arts and improve public taste |
| How did museum founders' goals change from the Colonial Era to the Progressive Era? | Colonial era emphasized natural objects and science; Progressive Era focused on creating an appreciation for fine arts to uplift the middle class by exposing them to fine art |
| What are the main differences between Peale's and Barnum's museums and how they shaped the American public's understanding of knowledge spectacle, and identity? | Peale was about education to uplift middle class, was more truthful, and was heavily focused on education; Barnum was heavily focused on entertainment, made fake exhibits, and was more interested in profit than the education and interests of the public |
| What is a hoard? | Stock/store of money or valued objects; Typically a secret or carefully guarded |
| What is an accumulation? | Mass/quantity of something that has gradually been gathered over time; More utilitarian (meaning to eventually use objects) |
| What is a relic? | Holy object associated with holy figures that are believed to have power; Body part, piece of cloth, object used by holy person; Power associated with closeness |
| What is an icon? | Painting of holy persons/relics; Worshipped; Used for prayer; Do not need to touch it to gain its "power" |
| What is mirabilia? | Objects that inspire wonder or marvel |
| What is exotica? | Foreign objects; Inspire curiosity/learning |
| What are the main differences between Medieval and Renaissance collections? | Medieval is spiritual; Renaissance was more scientific |
| What was England's first public art museum? | The Ashmolean Story Gallery; Opened in 1683 |
| What is Museology? | Science of organizing, arranging, and managing museums |
| What is comparative museology? | Study and comparison of different museum practices and behaviors across cultures and time periods; Creates new communities and collaborations |
| What are some main characteristics unique to Western Museums? | Public ownership; Objects viewed as "dead" |
| What are some main characteristics unique to Non-Western Museums? | Restricted ownership/access; Connected to spiritual practices; Each object is unique in character; Food storage with cultural objects; Objects viewed as "alive;" Sometimes restrictions based on gender |
| What is fine art? | Symbol of class, taste, education, politics, etc. |
| What is cosmopolitanism? | Idea that all human beings are members of a single community, and deserve equal respect no matter their citizenship status, nationality, etc. |
| What is nationalism? | Identification with one's own nation and its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations |
| Who was the first curator of the Charleston Museum? | Felix Louis L'Herminier in 1815 |
| Which curator specialized in taxidermy and comparative anatomy, and was responsible for integrating casts from the British Musuem? | Gabriel Manigault from 1873-1899 |
| What are some similarities between Peale's and Barnum's museums? | Natural history (live and taxidermied); Event with an educational mission, spectacles help draw visitors; Souvenirs (catalogs, sillhouettes, trading cards, merch); Audience's desire for wonder |
| What are some differences between Peale's and Barnum's museums? | Fake objects okay for Barnum; Low brow vs. high brow audience; Peale focused on education; Barnum focused on profit; Barnum used elaborate, flashy decorations on exterior; Barnum's collection not based on wealth ("freak show" and popular culture) |
| Where was the first U.S. World's Fair held? | Philadelphia in 1876; Continental Exposition; 100 year anniversary of U.S. independence |
| Which World's Fair exhibition showcased "The White City?" | 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition; All buildings were white; Constructed with large waterways; Living "representatives" of indigenous people; Chicago Museum of Science and Industry constructed |
| When was Charleston's World Fair? | 1901-1902; Held at Hampton Park (gazebos are the only part left) |
| What are similar characteristics between World's Fairs and museums? | Philosophy; Encyclopedic (emphasis on innovation and progress); Exploitation of Non-Western communities; Idealism of teaching the public; Nationalistic undertones |
| Who is G. Brown Goode? | Father of modern American Museum; Ichthyologist, curator, and assistant secretary for the Smithsonian; Constructed fish exhibit for London's World Fair (Crystal Palace); Expanded the Smithsonian |
| What are some of the main functions of World's Fairs? | Exercise nationalism; Architectural laboratories (utopian cities of tomorrow); Anthropological research stations; Photo-theme parks; Promotes consumerism |
| What is a exhibitionary complex? | Network of museums and World's Fairs that used education to build up the nation and its power |
| What were the main institutional challenges of the Smithsonian? | Whose viewpoints are represented (true history vs. politics); Nuanced, critical focus or nationalistic or corporate perspectives |
| What are progressive connoisseurs? | Late 19th- to early 20th-century generation of American museum reformers who led the movement for more democratic museums; Included Robert de Forest, Henry Watson Kent, etc. |
| Who was Henry Watson Kent? | Reformer at the Met; Secretary to the Board of Trustees; "Art for art's sake" (for enjoyment and profit of people); Less about showing off amazing American art, more about art to benefit society |
| What were some things that the Met did? | Many period rooms to show art of particular historical era/social setting; Paper dollhouse scrapbooks to teach taste to children; Programs to teach good taste to the publci |
| What is the Barnes Foundation? | Educational Institute; Promote advancement of education and appreciation of the fine arts for all Americans; Appreciated radically modern art; Demystified fine arts and broke down elitist attitudes; Supported African American artists (Aaron Douglas) |
| What are the differences in the original collections between the Met and MoMA? | Met keeps all objects; MoMA would sell old "outdated" pieces; MoMA also showed off modern industry |
| What was significant about MoMA's automobile exhibits? | Showcased at the same time as the World of Tomorrow World's Fair in 1939; Claimed automobiles were hollow, rolling sculptures; World Fair showed cities constructed for automobiles; MoMA had art pieces showing "roads of tomorrow" |
| What art exhibition style was first implemented by MoMA? | White Cube |
| What was unique about MoMA's architecture and exhibits? | Extremely modern building (flat and simple on outside, functional only); Lobby seems like an office lobby that middle-class people would work at; Rooms and vocab resemble a department store; You can rent the art pieces! |
| What are some notes about the architecture of the National Museum of the American Indian? | Very curvy inside and outside; No 90 degree angles; Part of outside resembles mesa cliffs of the Pueblo People; 1st floor has a large, round conversation circle where events and celebrations are held |
| What are some notes about the exhibit space of the National Museum of the American Indian? | Less objects than people expect (very little history); Large space for conversations; Exhibit has no clear direction so it doesn't force perspective; Everything is very open to interpretation, doesn't try to sway the story one way or the other |
| What does NAGPRA stand for? | Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act; enacted by Congress in 1990; 30 years later less than 50% of all Native American objects have been repatriated or made known to Native American communities |
| What is the current perspective of Native Americans and their culture in modern museums? | Not in art museums because they're not seen as capable of making fine art; Associated with primitivity in natural history museums; Associated with distant and dead past and with a racial hierarchy |
| Why did it take so long for the NMAAHC to be founded? | Approved by 1929 to celebrate them for their war efforts following WWI; Stock market crashed |
| What was the Black Museum Movement? | Started in the 1960's where museums opened focusing exclusively on black art, culture, and history; Studio Museum, Harlem; Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, D.C. |
| What is institutional critique? | Act of critiquing an institution as an artistic practice |
| What are some notes about the architecture of NMAAHC? | Iron gates making up wall are tribute to Charleston slave labor; Tiers of wall are same angle as kuronas (traditional African hats); Also same angle as the peak of the Washington Monument; Front extrance reflects Charleston breeze porches |
| What is new museology? | Focuses on individual and community development instead of narratives of national greatness; Critical studies of colonial history; Indigenous, regional, community, and minority stories; Glocalism; A plurality of discourses, not just one master one |
Created by:
monika.angner