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MODULE 5 REVIEW TERM

TermDefinition
Geography of Greece Mountainous; difficult to unite regions under single government.
Mycenaeans Preserved and spread Minoan culture.
Dorians Ruled the Greek world for 400 years but left no written record.
Polis City-state.
Phalanx Military formation; spear and shield.
Persian Wars Greek city-states successfully defend themselves from the Persians; leads to new sense of confidence and freedom; Athens leads Delian League (alliance of 140-200+ city-states); Sparta leads another alliance system known as the Peloponnesian League.
Olympics Sporting event that city-states could compete in; political event in that city-states put aside any differences to compete.
Sparta City-state that values military and the state.
Athens City-state that incorporates democratic elements and values education, arts (Classical style), and philosophy; powerful navy.
Direct Democracy Citizens propose and vote on laws; executive, legislative, and judicial branches
Pericles Leader of the Athenians; Increases pay for public officials; strengthens navy; glorification of Athens (Parthenon)
Socrates Philosopher that encourages questioning; condemned to death for "corrupting the youth of Athens."
Plato Student of Socrates; Wrote The Republic - ideal society where people fall naturally into 3 groups (farmers/artisans, warriors, ruling class); strongest individual from ruling class is philosopher-king.
Aristotle Teachings led to development of scientific method; Alexander the Great's teacher.
Peloponnesian War Sparta defeats Athens; Athens severely weakened from plague
King Philip of Macedonia Uses heavy phalanx formation and conquers a weakened Greece; Alexander the Great's father; Oracle at Delphi predicts that he would lose his eye and his son would conquer the world.
Alexander the Great Military conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Persia led to spread of Hellenistic culture; Ended era of independent Greek city-states; Died at 32 years old.
Plutarch Roman writer/historian that documented Alexander's life and much of Hellenistic culture.
Hellenistic Culture Blending of Greek, Egyptian, Indian, and Persian cultures; Popular spoken language is koine.
Alexandria North African city that became the major center of commerce and the Hellenistic civilization; Pharos was a 400 foot lighthouse that guided ships into the Egyptian harbor; Other major attractions include a famous museum and the Alexandrian Library.
Archimedes Accurately estimated the value of pi (3.14); Pulley and compound lever to lift heavy objects.
Eratosthenes Director of the Alexandrian library; computed the Earth's circumference using geometry (within 1%)
Stoicism Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno; Emphasizes harmonious life using natural law; Promoted social unity; get involved in politics out of virtue not personal gain; dichotomy of control.
Epicureanism Hellenistic philosophy founded by Epicurus; Only real objects are those that can be perceived by the 5 senses; excesses and overindulgence causes suffering.
Colossus of Rhodes Bronze statue over 100 feet high; According to legend it straddled the harbor on the island of Rhodes; later statues will move away from idealized forms and constructed realistic works ("The Dying Gaul" statue)
Created by: sofiabruning
 

 



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