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Unit 6

Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
What is the law of conservation of matter and energy? Matter cannot be created or destroyed, but can change to one form to another.
How do you write chemical equations? You start with the reactants and that forms to the products. Write the formulas of the products on the right side of the arrow, separated by plus signs.
What are the rules for writing and balancing equations? 1) Put formulas for reactants on the left of the arrow and formulas for products on the right of the arrow. 2) Place numbers in front of the elements until they equal each other. 3) Make sure numbers can't be simplified.
Define synthesis reaction. Is a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance. (A+B---> AB).
Define decomposition reaction. Is a chemical change in which a single compound breaks into two or more products. (AB--->A+B)
Define single replacement reaction. Is a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound. (AB+C--->AC+B) Can only replace metal with metal.
Define double replacement reactions. Is a chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds, generally takes place in an aqueous solution and produced gas or water. (AB+CD---->AD+CB)
What is an acid base reaction? Is a type of double replacement reaction. Always produces a salt and a water. Salt=ionic compound.
What is a combustion reaction? Is a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light. Hydrocarbon +O2--->CO2+H2O.
Define activity series. Lists the metals in order of decreasing reactivity. Iron (Fe) will replace Copper (Cu) but will not replace Zn or Ca.
How do you predict products? The reaction must be single. Then, write element product (watch out for BrINCHIHOF). Write the compound product and balance the compound formula, ions+criss cross.
What are diatomic molecules? BrINCHIHOF.
How do you solve Al+AgCl using single replacement rxns? Ag+AlCl3
In a double replacement reaction, what is possible? A solid and gas will form, and a molecular compound forms like H2O. AB+CD-->CB+AD
What are solubility rules? To determine if a precipitate will form in a double replacement rxns, you need to use solubility rules.
What are the solubility symbols? Soluble-dissolves in water (aq). Insoluble-does not dissolve in water (s).
How do you read solubility rules? Organized by anions-nonmetals, polyatomic ions.
How do you predict products for double replacement? 1) Make sure you switch then write formulas for compounds and balance compound formulas. 2) Balance the equation. 3) Look at solubility series to see what is soluble and what precipitates, use symbols (aq) and (s).
How do you predict products? 1) Look at both products, there can be none, one or two. 2) A transition metal will keep its charge from the reactant to the products side. 3) Write the correct formula for the new compound. Then write ions and criss cross.
What are net ionic equations? If an aqueous solution conducts electricity, it is called an electrolyte.
Define concentration. Having more particles in a fixed volume will increase the reaction rate. More particles=more collisions.
What is spector ion? Each ion that does not change and then is removed.
Define particle size. The total surface area of a product or reactant affects the reaction rate. The smaller the particle size, the larger the surface area for a given mass.
Define catalysts. Substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up in the reaction.
Define inhibitor. Is a substance that interferes with a catalyst.
Created by: CoraEvelynnBaker
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